Today we will look at the form व्यस्मयन्त 3Ap-लँङ् from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 2-91-80.
व्यस्मयन्त मनुष्यास्ते स्वप्नकल्पं तदद्भुतम् ।
दृष्ट्वाऽऽतिथ्यं कृतं तावद् भरतस्य महर्षिणा ।। २-९१-८० ।।
Gita Press translation “The aforesaid men were amazed to see that entertainment, wonderful like a dream, provided so long for Bharata by the eminent sage Bharadwāja.”
अस्मयन्त is derived from the धातुः √स्मि (ष्मिङ् ईषद्धसने, भ्वादि-गणः, धातु-पाठ: # १. १०९९)
The धातुः “ष्मिङ्” has an initial षकारः in the धातु-पाठः। By 6-1-64 धात्वादेः षः सः , there is the substitution of सकारः in the place of the initial षकारः of a धातुः। So, now we have “स्मिङ्”।
The विवक्षा is लँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।
The धातुः √स्मि is a ङित् (has ङकारः as a इत् letter)। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् √स्मि will get आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √स्मि can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-बहुवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “झ”।
(1) स्मि + लँङ् । By 3-2-111 अनद्यतने लङ् , the affix लँङ् follows a धातुः when used in the sense of past not of today.
(2) स्मि + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) स्मि + झ । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झ” as the substitute for the लकारः। “झ” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(4) स्मि + शप् + झ । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(5) स्मि + अ + झ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः ।
(6) स्मे + अ + झ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः , an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows.
(7) स्मय + झ । “अय्”-आदेश: by 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
(8) स्मय + अन्त् अ । By 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः -“अन्त्” comes in as a replacement for the झकारः of a प्रत्यय:।
(9) स्मयन्त । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे, in the place of an अकार: which is not at the end of a पदम्, and the following गुण: letter, there is single substitute of the latter (the गुण: letter.)
(10) अट् स्मयन्त । by 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः -When followed by लुँङ्, लँङ् or लृँङ्, an अङ्गम् gets the अट्-आगमः which is उदात्तः। 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ places the अट्-आगमः before the अङ्गम् ।
(11) अस्मयन्त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः ।
Note: वि + अस्मयन्त = व्यस्मयन्त । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि ।
Questions:
1. Can you spot a पदम् in the First Chapter of the गीता where लँङ् has taken the झ-आदेश: (as in this example)?
2. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:| (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले)। In this verse the word “दृष्ट्वा” ends in क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:। Who is/are the common doer(s) and what is his/her/their later action?
3. Can you think of an English word which may have been derived from √स्मि?
4. Can you recall two सूत्रे (that we have studied) which are अपवादौ (exceptions) to 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः?
5. Can you recall another (besides 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः) सूत्रम् (which we have studied) that prescribes a अट्-आगम:?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having listened to this wonderful song, who would not be amazed?” Use the अव्ययम् “श्रुत्वा” for “having listened”, use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “अद्भुत” for “wonderful” and the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “गीत” for “song.”
Easy questions:
1. Where has 7-3-120 आङो नाऽस्त्रियाम् been used in the verse?
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in the form भरतस्य?
1. Can you spot a पदम् in the First Chapter of the गीता where लँङ् has taken the झ-आदेश: (as in this example)?
Answer: अभ्यहन्यन्त (= अभि + अहन्यन्त) – धातुः √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २), “अभि”-उपसर्ग:, लँङ्, कर्मणि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।
ततः शंखाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः ।
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥ 1-13 ॥
2. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:| (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले)। In this verse the word “दृष्ट्वा” ends in क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:। Who is/are the common doer(s) and what is his/her/their later action?
Answer: The doers are ते मनुष्याः (मनुष्यास्ते) – “those men”. Their later action is “व्यस्मयन्त” – “were amazed”.
3. Can you think of an English word which may have been derived from √स्मि?
Answer: Smile, smirk.
4. Can you recall two सूत्रे (that we have studied) which are अपवादौ (exceptions) to 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः?
Answer: 3-4-108 झेर्जुस् (The affix “झि” of लिङ् is replaced by “जुस्”) and 3-4-105 झस्य रन् (The affix “झ” of लिँङ् is replaced by “रन्”)।
5. Can you recall another (besides 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः) सूत्रम् (which we have studied) that prescribes a अट्-आगम:?
Answer: 7-3-100 अदः सर्वेषाम् – In the opinion of all the teachers, a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः that is अपृक्त: (ref. 1-2-41) takes the अट्-आगमः when it follows the verbal root √अद् (अदँ भक्षणे २. १) ।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having listened to this wonderful song, who would not be amazed?” Use the अव्ययम् “श्रुत्वा” for “having listened”, use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “अद्भुत” for “wonderful” and the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “गीत” for “song.”
Answer: इदम् अद्भुतम् गीतम् श्रुत्वा कः न विस्मयेत। = इदमद्भुतं गीतं श्रुत्वा को न विस्मयेत।
Easy questions:
1. Where has 7-3-120 आङो नाऽस्त्रियाम् been used in the verse?
Answer: महर्षिणा (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “महर्षि”, तृतीया-एकवचनम्)।
महर्षि + टा 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…
= महर्षि + ना 7-3-120 आङो नाऽस्त्रियाम् Following a अङ्गम् having घि-सञ्ज्ञा, the affix “आङ्” is replaced by “ना”, but not in the feminine gender. “आङ्” is an ancient name for the (instrumental singular) affix “टा”। The अङ्गम् “महर्षि” has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि।
= महर्षिणा 8-4-2 अट्कुप्वाङ्नुम्व्यवायेऽपि।
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in the form भरतस्य?
Answer: 7-1-12 टाङसिँङसामिनात्स्या: Following a अङ्गम् ending in a अकार:, the affixes “टा”, “ङसिँ” and “ङस्” are replaced respectively by “इन”, “आत्” and “स्य”।