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लभेत 3As-विधिलिँङ्

Today we will look at the form लभेत 3As-विधिलिँङ् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 3-19-27.

क्षितौ शयानं तमकुण्ठवर्चसं करालदंष्ट्रं परिदष्टदच्छदम् ।
अजादयो वीक्ष्य शशंसुरागता अहो इमां को नु लभेत संस्थितिम् ।। ३-१९-२७ ।।

Gita Press translation “Brahmā and others, who had now arrived (on the spot) saw the demon with fearful tusks lying on the ground, biting his lips, the glow on his face yet unfaded, and admiringly said, “Oh, who could meet such a (blessed) death!”

लभेत is derived from the धातुः √लभ् (भ्वादि-गणः, डुलभँष् प्राप्तौ, धातु-पाठः #१. ११३०)

The विवक्षा is विधिलिँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

The “डु” at the beginning of this धातुः gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः। The षकारः at the end gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्

The इत् vowel (अकार:) of “डुलभँष्” has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् √लभ् takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” have the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √लभ् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: is “त”।

(1) लभ् + लिँङ् । By 3-3-161 विधिनिमन्त्रणामन्त्रणाधीष्टसंप्रश्नप्रार्थनेषु लिङ् , the affix लिङ् is prescribed after a धातुः when used in the sense of command, direction, invitation, request, inquiry and entreaty.

(2) लभ् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) लभ् + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। “त” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) लभ् + सीयुट् त । By 3-4-102 लिङस्सीयुट् – The affixes of लिँङ् get सीयुट् as an augment. As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ the augment सीयुट् joins at the begin of the affix “त”।

(5) लभ् + सीय् त। अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: In the सीयुट्-आगमः, the उकारः before the टकारः is उच्चारणार्थ: (only for facilitating pronunciation.)

(6) लभ् + शप् + सीय् त । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्

(7) लभ् + अ + सीय् त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(8) लभ् + अ + ई य् त । By 7-2-79 लिङः सलोपोऽनन्‍त्‍यस्‍य, the सकारः of a सार्वधातुक-लिङ् affix is elided, provided it is not the final letter of the affix.

(9) लभ् + अ + ई त । By 6-1-66 लोपो व्योर्वलि, a वकारः or a यकारः is elided when it is followed by a letter of the वल्-प्रत्याहारः।

(10) लभेत । गुणादेशः by 6-1-87 आद्गुणः

Questions:

1. Where in the गीता has √लभ् been used with a लोँट्-प्रत्यय:?

2. Why did 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः not apply between अहो and इमाम्?

3. Where has 7-3-119 अच्च घेः been used in the verse?

4. We have studied one सूत्रम् which is an अपवाद: (exception) to 3-4-102 लिङस्सीयुट्। Which one is it?

5. Use some words from the verse to construct the following sentence in Sanskrit:
“Oh, who would attain such scholarship?” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “ईदृश” for “such” and the neuter noun “पाण्डित्य” for “scholarship.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Let me understand what’s on your mind.” Use √गम् (गमॢँ – [गतौ]१. ११३७) with the उपसर्ग: “अव” for “to understand”. Use √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) for “is” (to exist.) Use यत्/तत्।

Easy questions:

1. Derive the form क: (पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) from the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “किम्”।

2. Where has 8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य been used in the verse?


1 Comment

  1. 1. Where in the गीता has √लभ् been used with a लोँट्-प्रत्यय:?

    Answer: तस्मात्त्वमुक्तिष्ठ यशो लभस्व जित्वा शत्रून्भुङ्‍क्ष्व राज्यं समृद्धम्‌ ।
    मयैवैते निहताः पूर्वमेव निमित्तमात्रं भव सव्यसाचिन्‌ ॥ 11-33 ॥
    लभस्व – लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

    2. Why did 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः not apply between अहो and इमाम्?

    Answer: अहो is a निपात: by 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे। अहो gets the प्रगृह्य-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-15 ओत् (a निपात: ending in the letter ओ gets the name प्रगृह्यम्)। Now by 6-1-125 प्लुतप्रगृह्या अचि, a प्रगृह्यम् retains its natural state when followed by a vowel. That is why there is no सन्धि-कार्यम् between अहो and इमाम्।

    3. Where has 7-3-119 अच्च घेः been used in the verse?

    Answer: क्षितौ (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “क्षिति”, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)
    क्षिति + ङि । 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्यां…। Here the अङ्गम् “क्षिति” gets the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा optionally by the सूत्रम् 1-4-6 ङिति ह्रस्वश्च – The vowels long “ई” and long “ऊ” that are exclusively feminine and that can take “इयँङ्” and “उवँङ्” replacements, except for the word “स्त्री”, and the short “इ” and short “उ” ending words in feminine, get the नदी designation optionally when followed by a ङित् affix. We are presently considering the case, where the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा is not applied. In this case, “क्षिति” gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि – When a short “इ” ending or short “उ” ending term – except for “सखि” – does not have the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा then it gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा।
    क्षित + औ । 7-3-119 अच्च घेः – Following a short “इ” or short “उ” ending अङ्गम्, the affix “ङि” is replaced by “औ” and the (ending letter “इ” or “उ” of the) अङ्गम् which has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा is replaced by short “अ”।
    क्षितौ । 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि ।

    4. We have studied one सूत्रम् which is an अपवाद: (exception) to 3-4-102 लिङस्सीयुट्। Which one is it?

    Answer: 3-4-103 यासुट् परस्मैपदेसु उदात्तो ङिच् च।

    5. Use some words from the verse to construct the following sentence in Sanskrit:
    “Oh, who would attain such scholarship?” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “ईदृश” for “such” and the neuter noun “पाण्डित्य” for “scholarship.”

    Answer: अहो कः नु ईदृशम् पाण्डित्यम् लभेत = अहो को न्वीदृशं पाण्डित्यं लभेत।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Let me understand what’s on your mind.” Use √गम् (गमॢँ – [गतौ]१. ११३७) with the उपसर्ग: “अव” for “to understand”. Use √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) for “is” (to exist.) Use यत्/तत्।

    Answer: यत् तव मनसि वर्तते तत् अवगच्छानि = यत्तव मनसि वर्तते तदवगच्छानि।

    Easy questions:

    1. Derive the form क: (पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) from the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “किम्”।

    Answer: किम् + सुँ (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्…)
    = क + सुँ (7-2-103 किमः कः, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य)
    = क + स् (अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः)
    = क: (रुत्वविसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः, 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः )

    2. Where has 8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य been used in the verse?

    Answer: 8-3-19 has been used in सन्धि: between शशंसुरागताः and अहो
    शशंसुरागतास् + अहो
    = शशंसुरागतारुँ + अहो by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः।
    = शशंसुरागताय् + अहो by 8-3-17 भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य योऽशि।
    = शशंसुरागता + अहो by 8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य। After this 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः cannot apply because of 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्।

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