Today we will look at the form युधिष्ठिरकिरीटिनोः mGd from महाभारतम् 1.2.273.
अतः परं कर्णपर्व प्रोच्यते परमाद्भुतम् । सारथ्ये विनियोगश्च मद्रराजस्य धीमतः ।। १-२-२६९ ।।
आख्यातं यत्र पौराणं त्रिपुरस्य निपातनम् । प्रयाणे परुषश्चात्र संवादः कर्णशल्ययोः ।। १-२-२७० ।।
हंसकाकीयमाख्यानं तत्रैवाक्षेपसंहितम् । वधः पाण्ड्यस्य च तथा अश्वत्थाम्ना महात्मना ।। १-२-२७१ ।।
दण्डसेनस्य च ततो दण्डस्य च वधस्तथा । द्वैरथे यत्र कर्णेन धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।। १-२-२७२ ।।
संशयं गमितो युद्धे मिषतां सर्वधन्विनाम् । अन्योन्यं प्रति च क्रोधो युधिष्ठिरकिरीटिनोः ।। १-२-२७३ ।।
Gita Press translation – After this is outlined the most wonderful Parva named after Karṇa. In it is described the appointment of the wise Śalya (the ruler of the inhabitants of Madra) as the charioteer (of Karṇa) (269). Then is narrated the well-known legend of the destruction of Tripura as well as the interchange of strong words between Karṇa and Śalya on their setting out for battle (270). Then it told the story of the swan and the crow as an insulting allusion (to Karṇa) followed by an account of the death of Pāṇḍya at the hands of the high-souled Aśwathāma as well as the death of Danḍasena and then of Danḍa. In this same Parva (named after Karṇa) is the narration of a duel between Karṇa and Yudhiṣṭhira (the king of virtue) – witnessed by all the archers – in which the former put the life of the latter in danger. Then comes the (display of) anger of Yudhiṣṭhira and Arjuna towards each other. (271-273)
(1) युधिष्ठिरश्च किरीटी च = युधिष्ठिरकिरीटिनौ – Yudhiṣṭhira and Arjuna.
(2) युधिष्ठिर सुँ + किरीटिन् सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।
(3) युधिष्ठिर सुँ + किरीटिन् सुँ । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम्, ‘किरीटिन्’ should have been placed in the prior position in this compound because ‘युधिष्ठिर’ has four syllables while ‘किरीटिन्’ has only three. But since ‘युधिष्ठिर’ is the name of the elder brother while ‘किरीटिन्’ refers to the younger brother (Arjuna), ‘युधिष्ठिर सुँ’ is placed in the prior position as per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम्) भ्रातुर्ज्यायस: – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the name of an elder brother is placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘युधिष्ठिर सुँ + किरीटिन् सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) युधिष्ठिर + किरीटिन् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
= युधिष्ठिरकिरीटिन् ।
The विवक्षा is षष्ठी-द्विवचनम् ।
(5) युधिष्ठिरकिरीटिन् + ओस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘ओस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(6) युधिष्ठिरकिरीटिनोः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः ।
Questions:
1. In which compound in the verses has the affix टच् been used?
2. Can you spot a term which is used as a कर्मप्रवचनीय: in the verses?
3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the formation of the compound सर्वधन्विनाम् (षष्ठी-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?
4. From which verbal root is the form वधः derived?
5. In which word in the verses has the गण-सूत्रम् (in the धातुपाठः, below the गण-सूत्रम् ‘घटादयो मित:’) – जनीजॄष्क्नसुरञ्जोऽमन्ताश्च been used?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Both Yudhiṣṭhira and Arjuna were devotees of Śrī Kṛṣṇa.”
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the सम्प्रसारणम् in the form उच्यते?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः been used in the verses?
1. In which compound in the verses has the affix टच् been used?
Answer: The affix टच् has been used in the compounds मद्रराजस्य (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’मद्रराज’, षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) and धर्मराज: (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’धर्मराज’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
लौकिक-विग्रह: –
मद्राणां राजा = मद्रराजः – the ruler of the inhabitants of Madra
and
धर्मस्य राजा = धर्मराज: – the king of virtue = Yudhiṣṭhira
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
मद्र आम् + राजन् सुँ । By 2-2-8 षष्ठी ।
and
धर्म ङस् + राजन् सुँ । By 2-2-8 षष्ठी।
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मद्रराज’ as well as ‘धर्मराज’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘देवराज’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/03/19/देवराजाय-mds
2. Can you spot a term which is used as a कर्मप्रवचनीय: in the verses?
Answer: The term ‘प्रति’ (which is associated with ‘अन्योन्य’) has the कर्मप्रवचनीय-सञ्ज्ञा। As per 1-4-90 लक्षणेत्थम्भूताख्यानभागवीप्सासु प्रतिपर्यनवः – The terms ‘प्रति’, ‘परि’ and ‘अनु’ get the designation कर्मप्रवचनीय: in the context where either लक्षणम् (mark/aim) or इत्थम्भूताख्यानम् (description of someone/something being thus) or भाग: (portion/share) or वीप्सा (pervasion/entirety) is denoted.
Hence as per 2-3-8 कर्मप्रवचनीययुक्ते द्वितीया, a second case affix (अम्) is used following the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अन्योन्य’ (to give the form अन्योन्यम्) co-occurring with the कर्मप्रवचनीय: ‘प्रति’।
अन्योन्यं प्रति = towards each other.
Note: कर्मप्रवचनीय: is a technical term used in connection with a preposition/prefix (ref. 1-4-58 प्रादयः) which showed a verbal activity formerly but at the present time it does not show it; the word is used as a technical term in grammar in connection with prefixes which are not used along with a verbal root.
3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the formation of the compound सर्वधन्विनाम् (षष्ठी-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?
Answer: The formation of the compound सर्वधन्विनाम् is justified by the सूत्रम् 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन – A सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् which either i) denotes an action which naturally precedes in time or ii) is (composed by adding a सुँप् affix to) ‘एक’/‘सर्व’/’जरत्’/’पुराण’/’नव’/’केवल’ optionally compounds with another सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् – provided both the सुबन्त-पदे refer to the same item – and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।
लौकिक-विग्रह: –
सर्वे च ते धन्विनः = सर्वधन्विन: – all the archers.
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
सर्व जस् + धन्विन् जस् । By 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन।
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वधन्विन्’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वयोगिन्’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/05/14/सर्वयोगिनाम्-mgp
4. From which verbal root is the form वधः derived?
Answer: The form वधः (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वध’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is derived from the verbal root √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २).
Please see the following post for the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वध’ – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/04/12/वधः-mns
5. In which word in the verses has the गण-सूत्रम् (in the धातुपाठ:, below the गण-सूत्रम् ‘घटादयो मित:’) – जनीजॄष्क्नसुरञ्जोऽमन्ताश्च been used?
Answer: The गण-सूत्रम् (in the धातुपाठ:, below the गण-सूत्रम् ‘घटादयो मित:’) – जनीजॄष्क्नसुरञ्जोऽमन्ताश्च has been used in the form गमितः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘गमित’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
Please see the answer to question 2 in the following comment for the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘गमित’ – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/01/21/हिंस्रः-mns/#comment-18067
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Both Yudhiṣṭhira and Arjuna were devotees of Śrī Kṛṣṇa.”
Answer: युधिष्ठिरार्जुनौ उभौ श्रीकृष्णस्य भक्तौ बभूवतुः = युधिष्ठिरार्जुनावुभौ श्रीकृष्णस्य भक्तौ बभूवतुः।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the सम्प्रसारणम् in the form उच्यते?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-15 वचिस्वपियजादीनां किति prescribes सम्प्रसारणम् in the form उच्यते – derived from the verbal root √वच् (वचँ परिभाषणे २. ५८).
Please see the answer to question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of the form उच्यते –
https://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/08/04/उष्यताम्-3ps-लोँट्/#comment-1257
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः has been used in the form अश्वत्थाम्ना (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अश्वत्थामन्’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्)।
अश्वत्थामन् + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा………।
= अश्वत्थामन् + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। ‘अश्वत्थामन्’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here by 1-4-18 यचि भम्।
= अश्वत्थाम्न् + आ । By 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः – There is an elision of the letter ‘अ’ of ‘अन्’ when
i) the ‘अन्’ belongs to a अङ्गम् and
ii) the ‘अन्’ is (immediately) followed by a स्वादि-प्रत्यय: which is not सर्वनामस्थानम् and which either begins with the letter ‘य्’ or a vowel (अच्)।
Note: स्वादि-प्रत्यया: are the प्रत्यया: prescribed from 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा……… up to the end of Chapter Five of the अष्टाध्यायी।
= अश्वत्थाम्ना ।