Today we will look at the form देवराजाय mDs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 8.11.30.
अश्मसारमयं शूलं घण्टावद्धेमभूषणम् । प्रगृह्याभ्यद्रवत्क्रुद्धो हतोऽसीति वितर्जयन् । प्राहिणोद्देवराजाय निनदन्मृगराडिव ।। ८-११-३० ।।
तदापतद्गगनतले महाजवं विचिच्छिदे हरिरिषुभिः सहस्रधा । तमाहनन्नृप कुलिशेन कन्धरे रुषान्वितस्त्रिदशपतिः शिरो हरन् ।। ८-११-३१ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
घण्टावद्घण्टाभिर्युक्तम् ।। ३० ।। ३१ ।।
Gita Press translation – Taking up a lance of steel, furnished with bells and adorned with gold ornaments he darted, full of rage, threatening in the word “You are slain!” and flung it at Indra (the ruler of the gods), roaring like a lion (the king of beasts) (30). Hari (Indra) cut it with (his) arrows into a thousand pieces (even) as it flew towards him through the air with great speed. Full of anger, the ruler of the gods (then) struck him (Namuci) with his thunderbolt in the neck, aiming to chop off the latter’s head (31).
लौकिक-विग्रह: –
(1) देवानां राजा = देवराज: – the ruler of the gods (Indra).
Note: The sixth case affix in देवानाम् is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-50 षष्ठी शेषे।
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) देव आम् + राजन् सुँ । By 2-2-8 षष्ठी – A पदम् ending in a sixth case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् ending in a सुँप् affix and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘देव आम्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-8 (which prescribes the compounding) the term षष्ठी ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘देव आम्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘देव आम् + राजन् सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) देव + राजन् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) देवराजन् + टच् । By 5-4-91 राजाह:सखिभ्यष्टच् – Following a तत्पुरुष: compound ending in either ‘राजन्’ or ‘अहन्’ or ‘सखि’ the तद्धित: affix टच् is prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.
(6) देवराजन् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘ देवराजन्’ has the designation ‘भ’ here by 1-4-18 यचि भम्। This allows 6-4-144 to apply in the next step.
(7) देवराज् + अ । By 6-4-144 नस्तद्धिते – The ‘टि’ portion (ref. 1-1-64 अचोऽन्त्यादि टि) of a अङ्गम् (base) is elided provided the अङ्गम् –
i) has the designation ‘भ’ (ref. 1-4-18 यचि भम्)
ii) ends in the letter ‘न्’ and
iii) is followed by a तद्धित: affix
Note: The ‘अन्’ part of the अङ्गम् ‘देवराजन्’ has the designation ‘टि’ by the सूत्रम् 1-1-64 अचोऽन्त्यादि टि – That part of a group of sounds which begins with the last vowel of the group (and goes to the end of the group) gets the designation ‘टि’।
= देवराज ।
Note: As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘देवराज’ is masculine since the latter member ‘राजन्’ of the compound is masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्।
(8) देवराज + ङे । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(9) देवराज + य । By 7-1-13 ङेर्यः – Following a प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affix ‘ङे’ (चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्) is replaced by ‘य’।
(10) देवराजाय । By 7-3-102 सुपि च – The ending letter ‘अ’ of a प्रातिपदिकम् is elongated if it is followed by a सुँप् affix beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:।
Questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 5-4-91 राजाह:सखिभ्यष्टच् been used for the first time in the गीता?
2. Can you spot three other (besides देवराजाय) षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समासा: in the verses?
3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the elision of the letter ‘न्’ in the form हतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’हत’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)?
4. In which word in the verses has सम्प्रसारणम् taken place?
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः been used in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Sugrīva the king of monkeys became a friend of Śrī Rāma.” Form a compound for ‘the king of monkeys’ and ‘friend of Śrī Rāma.’
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ण्’ (in place of ‘न्’) in the form प्राहिणोत्? (We have seen this सूत्रम् in a prior post.)
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-50 तासस्त्योर्लोपः been used in the verses?
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 5-4-91 राजाह:सखिभ्यष्टच् been used for the first time in the गीता?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 5-4-91 राजाह:सखिभ्यष्टच् has been used for the first time in the गीता in the form काशिराजः (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’काशिराज’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुंगवः ॥ 1-5 ॥
लौकिक-विग्रह: –
काशे राजा = काशिराज: – the ruler of Kāśi
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’काशिराज’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘देवराज’ as shown in the post. (Instead of starting the derivation with देव आम् + राजन् सुँ we have to start with काशि ङस् + राजन् सुँ।)
2. Can you spot three other (besides देवराजाय) षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समासा: in the verses?
Answer: (Besides देवराजाय) the forms मृगराट् (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’मृगराज्’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्), गगनतले (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’गगनतल’, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्) and त्रिदशपतिः (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’त्रिदशपति’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) are also षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समासा:।
लौकिक-विग्रह: –
मृगाणां राट् = मृगराट्।
गगनस्य तलम् = गगनतलम्।
त्रिदशानां पतिः = त्रिदशपतिः।
3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the elision of the letter ‘न्’ in the form हतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’हत’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति prescribes the elision of the letter ‘न्’ in the form हतः।
Please see answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘हत’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/12/07/शुष्कैः-nip/#comment-10041
4. In which word in the verses has सम्प्रसारणम् taken place?
Answer: सम्प्रसारणम् has taken place in the word प्रगृह्य – derived from the verbal root √ग्रह् (ग्रहँ उपादाने ९.७१ ).
ग्रह् + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
Note: The common agent of the actions प्रगृह्य (taking up) and अभ्यद्रवत् (darted) is नमुचिः (who has not been explicitly mentioned in the verses). The earlier of the two actions is the action of ‘to take up’ which is denoted by √ग्रह् and hence √ग्रह् takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्त्वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्) of the action.
= प्र ग्रह् + क्त्वा । ‘ग्रह् + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘प्र’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
= प्र ग्रह् + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
= प्र ग्रह् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।) ‘ल्यप्’ being a कित् allows 6-1-16 to apply below.
= प्र ग् ऋ अ ह् + य । By 6-1-16 ग्रहिज्यावयिव्यधिवष्टिविचतिवृश्चतिपृच्छतिभृज्जतीनां ङिति च – The verbal roots √ग्रह (ग्रहँ उपादाने ९. ७१), √ज्या (ज्या वयोहानौ ९. ३४), √वय् (वयँ गतौ १. ५४७), √व्यध् (व्यधँ ताडने ४. ७८), √वश् (वशँ कान्तौ २. ७५),√व्यच् (व्यचँ व्याजीकरणे ६. १३), √व्रश्च् (ओँव्रश्चूँ छेदने ६. १२), √प्रच्छ् (प्रच्छँ ज्ञीप्सायाम् ६.१४९) and √भ्रस्ज् (भ्रस्जँ पाके ६. ४) take सम्प्रसारणम् (ref. 1-1-45) when followed by an affix which is a कित् (has the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) or a ङित् (has the letter ‘ङ्’ as a इत्)।
= प्र गृह् + य । By 6-1-108 सम्प्रसारणाच्च – When a सम्प्रसारणम् is followed by a अच् (vowel), there is a single replacement (in place of both the सम्प्रसारणम् and the following अच्) of the prior letter (the सम्प्रसारणम्)।
‘प्रगृह्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ।
प्रगृह्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
= प्रगृह्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः।
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः has been used in the verses in the form नृपः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नृप’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
नॄन् पातीति नृपः।
For the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नृप’ please see the answer to question 5 in the following comment – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/17/निशाचरी-fns/#comment-5533
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Sugrīva the king of monkeys became a friend of Śrī Rāma.” Form a compound for ‘the king of monkeys’ and ‘friend of Śrī Rāma.’
Answer: वानरराजः सुग्रीवः रामसखः बभूव = वानरराजः सुग्रीवो रामसखो बभूव।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ण्’ (in place of ‘न्’) in the form प्राहिणोत्? (We have seen this सूत्रम् in a prior post.)
Answer: The substitution ‘ण्’ (in place of ‘न्’) in the form प्राहिणोत् is prescribed by the सूत्रम् 8-4-15 हिनुमीना। वृत्ति: – उपसर्गस्थान्निमित्तात्परस्यैतयोर्नस्य णः स्यात्। The letter ‘न्’ of ’हिनु’ and ’मीना’ gets the letter ‘ण्’ as a replacement, when it follows an उपसर्गः that has the निमित्तम् (cause – letter ‘र्’ (रेफः), letter ‘ष्’ ) to bring about णत्वम्।
प्राहिणोत् is derived from the verbal root √हि (हि गतौ वृद्धौ च ५. १२).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form प्राहिणोत् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/12/13/पपात-3as-लिँट्/#comment-2948
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-50 तासस्त्योर्लोपः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-50 तासस्त्योर्लोपः has been used in the verses in the form असि – derived from the verbal root √अस् (असँ भुवि २. ६०).
Please see answer to easy question 2 in the following comment for the derivation of the form असि – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/24/जनमेजयः-mns/#comment-5711