Today we will look at the form प्रणिधाय ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.6.20.

दिदृक्षुस्तदहं भूयः प्रणिधाय मनो हृदि । वीक्षमाणोऽपि नापश्यमवितृप्त इवातुरः ।। १-६-२० ।।
एवं यतन्तं विजने मामाहागोचरो गिराम् । गम्भीरश्लक्ष्णया वाचा शुचः प्रशमयन्निव ।। १-६-२१ ।।
हन्तास्मिञ्जन्मनि भवान्न मां द्रष्टुमिहार्हति । अविपक्वकषायाणां दुर्दर्शोऽहं कुयोगिनाम् ।। १-६-२२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
हृदि मनः प्रणिधाय स्थिरीकृत्यावितृप्तोऽहमातुर इवाभवमिति शेषः ।। २० ।। गिरामगोचरः संवेदनस्याविषयभूत ईश्वरः ।। २१ ।। हन्तेति सानुकम्पसंबोधने ।। २२ ।।

Gita Press translation – Longing to behold it once more, I fixed the mind on my heart and looked for it, but could not see it. Now I felt miserable like one whose desire had not been sated (20). To me thus struggling in that lonely forest, the Lord, who is beyond words, spoke in sublime yet soft words, as if to soothe my grief: (21) “Alas! in this birth you are unfit to behold Me; for I am difficult of perception for those who have not attained perfection in Yoga (Devotion), and the impurities of whose heart have not yet been wholly burnt (22).

प्रणिधाय is derived from the verbal root √धा (डुधाञ् धारणपोषणयोः | दान इत्यप्येके ३. ११) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ and ‘नि’।

(1) धा + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्‍त्‍वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same.
Note: Here the common agent of the actions प्रणिधाय (fixed) and वीक्षमाणः (looked) is अहम् (I.) The earlier of the two actions is the action ‘fixed’ which is denoted by √धा and hence √धा takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.

(2) प्र नि धा + क्त्वा । ‘धा + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘प्र नि’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।

(3) प्र नि + धा + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्‍ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्)। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)

(4) प्र नि + धा + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: As per 6-4-69 न ल्यपि – The letter ‘आ’ of the verbal roots listed in 6-4-66 घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि does not get the letter ‘ई’ as a replacement, when followed by the affix ‘ल्यप्’। 6-4-69 prevents 6-4-66 from applying here.

(5) प्र णि + धा य । By 8-4-17 नेर्गदनदपतपदघुमास्यतिहन्तियातिवातिद्रातिप्सातिवपतिवहतिशाम्यतिचिनोतिदेग्धिषु च – The letter ‘न्’ of the उपसर्ग: ‘नि’ gets the letter ‘ण्’ as a replacement, when the following two conditions are satisfied –
(i) ‘नि’ is preceded by a उपसर्गः that has the निमित्तम् (cause – रेफः, षकारः) to bring about णत्वम् and
(ii) ‘नि’ is followed by the verbal root √गद् (गदँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १.५४) or √नद् (णदँ अव्यक्ते शब्दे १. ५६) or √पत् (पतॢँ गतौ १. ९७९) or √पद् (पदँ गतौ ४. ६५) or any verbal root having the designation ‘घु’ (ref. 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप्) or √मा (मेङ् प्रणिदाने १. १११६, माङ् माने शब्दे च ३. ७, माङ् माने ४. ३७) or √सो (षो अन्तकर्मणि ४. ४२) or √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २) or √या (या प्रापणे २. ४४) or √वा (वा गतिगन्धनयोः २. ४५) or √द्रा (द्रा कुत्सायां गतौ २. ४९) or √प्सा (प्सा भक्षणे २. ५) or √वप् (डुवपँ बीजसन्ताने | छेदनेऽपि १. ११५८) or √वह् (वहँ प्रापणे १. ११५९) or √शम् (शमुँ उपशमे ४. ९८) or √चि (चिञ् चयने ५. ५) or √दिह् (दिहँ उपचये २. ५).
‘प्रणिधाय’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।

(6) प्रणिधाय + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) प्रणिधाय । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. Where has प्रणिधाय been used (in Chapter Eleven) of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 8-4-17 नेर्गदनदपतपदघुमास्यतिहन्तियातिवातिद्रातिप्सातिवपतिवहतिशाम्यतिचिनोतिदेग्धिषु च (used in step 5) the काशिका says – अड्व्यवायेऽपि नेर्गदादिषु णत्वमिष्यते। प्रण्यगदत्। Please explain.

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-92 मितां ह्रस्वः been used in the verses?

4. Can you spot the affix खल् in the verses?

5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘व्’ in ‘पक्व’ (used as part of the compound अविपक्वकषायाणाम् in the verses)?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
Having prostrated his (own) body, Bharata said to Śrī Rāma – ‘(Please) give me your (two) sandals.’ Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पादुका’ for ‘sandal.’ Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with ‘me.’ Use the अव्ययम् ‘इति’ as an end-quote.

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः been used in the verses? Where has it been used in the commentary?

2. From which प्रातिपदिकम् is अस्मिन् derived?