Today we will look at the form भयम् nAs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 6.33.6.

उक्ता यद्रावणेन त्वं प्रत्युक्तं च स्वयं त्वया ।। ६-३३-५ ।।
सखीस्नेहेन तद्भीरु मया सर्वं प्रतिश्रुतम् ।
लीनया गहने शून्ये भयमुत्सृज्य रावणात् । तव हेतोर्विशालाक्षि न हि मे रावणाद् भयम् ।। ६-३३-६ ।।
स सम्भ्रान्तश्च निष्क्रान्तो यत्कृते राक्षसेश्वरः । तत्र मे विदितं सर्वमभिनिष्क्रम्य मैथिलि ।। ६-३३-७ ।।
न शक्यं सौप्तिकं कर्तुं रामस्य विदितात्मनः । वधश्च पुरुषव्याघ्रे तस्मिन्नैवोपपद्यते ।। ६-३३-८ ।।

Gita Press translation – All that which you were told by Rāvaṇa and that which he was told in return by yourself was overheard by me out of affection for my friend (viz., yourself) while remaining concealed in a lonely thicket for your sake, O large-eyed lady, and shaking off (all) fear of Rāvaṇa; really speaking I have no fear of Rāvaṇa (6). The reason for which that ruler of ogres has sallied forth agitated has also been ascertained by me on the spot after going out, O princess of Mithilā! (7) It is not (at all) possible to kill Śrī Rāma, a knower of his self, while he is asleep. Nay, even death is not possible in the case of that tiger among men (8).

Note: The Gita Press translation above is missing the word (हे) भीरु – O timid one!

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भय’ is derived from the verbal root √भी (ञिभी भये ३. २).

(1) भी + अच् । By the वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-56 एरच्) अज्विधौ भयादीनामुपसङ्ख्यानम् – The words ‘भय’ etc should be enumerated (included) among those that are derived using the affix अच्।

See question 2.

(2) भी + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) भे + अ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः – An अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows.

(4) भय । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।

‘भय’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

‘भय’ is a neuter प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(5) भय + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(6) भय + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes “सुँ” and “अम्” that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel “अ” take “अम्” as their replacement. 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending मकारः of “अम्” from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा । Note: 7-1-24 अतोऽम् is required here to prevent 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ from applying.

(7) भयम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix “अम्” there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भय’ been used in Chapter Eleven of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-56 एरच्) अज्विधौ भयादीनामुपसङ्ख्यानम् the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – नपुंसके क्तादिनिवृत्त्यर्थम्। Please explain.

3. Can you spot a कृत्य-प्रत्यय: in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of the affix ‘तुमुँन्’ in the form कर्तुम् in the verses?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-44 ल्वादिभ्यः been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“For one who knows the Self there is no fear even from death.” Construct a उपपद-समास: using the affix क्विँप् for ‘one who knows the Self’ (आत्मानं वेत्ति)। Use षष्ठी विभक्ति: to express the meaning ‘for.’

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the affix ‘श्यन्’ in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च been used in the verses?