Today we will look at the form सोढुम् ind from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 4.16.4.

सोढुं न च समर्थोऽहं युद्धकामस्य संयुगे । सुग्रीवस्य च संरम्भं हीनग्रीवस्य गर्जितम् ।। ४-१६-४ ।।
न च कार्यो विषादस्ते राघवं प्रति मत्कृते । धर्मज्ञश्च कृतज्ञश्च कथं पापं करिष्यति ।। ४-१६-५ ।।
निवर्तस्व सह स्त्रीभिः कथं भूयोऽनुगच्छसि । सौहृदं दर्शितं तारे मयि भक्तिः कृता त्वया ।। ४-१६-६ ।।
प्रतियोत्स्याम्यहं गत्वा सुग्रीवं जहि सम्भ्रमम् । दर्पं चास्य विनेष्यामि न च प्राणैर्वियोक्ष्यते ।। ४-१६-७ ।।

Gita Press translation – Nay, I am not able to tolerate the arrogance, much less the roar, of the weak-necked Sugrīva, who seeks an encounter on the battlefield (with me) (4). Nor should any anxiety be entertained by you from the side of Śrī Rāma on my account. How can Śrī Rāma – who knows what is right and cognizes his duty – perpetrate sin (in the form of killing one who is innocent)? (5) (Please) return with the (other) ladies. Why do you still follow me? Affection has been shown to such an extent and service rendered to me by you (6). Going out I shall give battle to Sugrīva; (pray) give up (all) perplexity. Nay, I shall take away his pride, yet he will not be rid of his life (7).

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सोढुम्’ is derived from the verbal root √सह् (षहँ मर्षणे १. ९८८). The अकारः at the end of “षहँ” gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। The धातुः “षहँ” has an initial षकारः in the धातु-पाठः। By 6-1-64 धात्वादेः षः सः there is the substitution of सकारः in the place of the initial षकारः of a धातुः।

(1) सह् + तुमुँन् । By 3-4-66 पर्याप्तिवचनेष्वलमर्थेषु – The affix तुमुँन् may be used following a verbal root when in conjunction with a word such as अलम् when it denotes ‘complete capability/competence.’

In the present example, सोढुम् is connected with समर्थ: which denotes ‘complete capability/competence.’ Hence 3-4-66 applies here.

Note: This सूत्रम् does not prescribe तुमुँन् when in conjunction with अलम् used in the sense of ‘enough of, no use of (having a prohibitive force.)’ But occasionally we may find तुमुँन् being used in conjunction with अलम् used in the prohibitive sense also. For example – अलं सुप्तजनं प्रबोधयितुम् ।

(2) सह् + तुम् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: As per 7-2-48 तीषसहलुभरुषरिषः – When following any one of the verbal roots listed below, a आर्धधातुकम् affix beginning with the letter ‘त्’ optionally takes the augment इट् –
(i) √इष् (इषुँ इच्छायाम् ६. ७८). According to some grammarians the verbal root √इष् (इषँ आभीक्ष्ण्ये ९. ६१) should also be included here.
(ii) √सह् (षहँ मर्षणे १. ९८८)
(iii) √लुभ् (लुभँ गार्ध्ये ४. १५३)
(iv) √रुष् (रुषँ हिंसार्थः १. ७८९)
(v) √रिष् (रिषँ हिंसार्थः १. ७९०)
Here we consider the case when the verbal root does not take the augment ‘इट्’।

See question 1.

(3) सढ् + तुम् । By 8-2-31 हो ढः – A हकारः gets ढकारः as replacement when followed by a झल् letter or at the end of a पदम्।

(4) सढ् + धुम् । By 8-2-40 झषस्तथोर्धोऽधः – A तकारः or थकारः gets धकारः as the replacement, when preceded by a letter of the झष्-प्रत्याहारः with the exception of the धकारः belonging to the धातुः √धा (डुधाञ् धारणपोषणयोः | दान इत्यप्येके ३. ११)।

(5) सढ् + ढुम् । By 8-4-41 ष्टुना ष्टुः – When the letter “स्” or a letter of the त-वर्ग: (“त्”, “थ्”, “द्”, “ध्”, “न्”) comes in contact with either the letter “ष्” or a letter of the ट-वर्ग: (“ट्”, “ठ्”, “ड्”, “ढ्”, “ण्”) then it is replaced respectively by “ष्”, ट-वर्ग: (“ट्”, “ठ्”, “ड्”, “ढ्”, “ण्”)।

(6) स + ढुम् । By 8-3-13 ढो ढे लोपः – A ढकारः is elided if followed by a ढकारः।
Note: The situation of a ढकार: followed by a ढकार: only arises after applying 8-4-41 ष्टुना ष्टुः। So even though 8-3-13 is an earlier rule (compared to 8-4-41) in the अष्टाध्यायी, it has to be allowed (in spite of 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्) to see the operation done by 8-4-41, for otherwise 8-3-13 would become useless.

(7) सोढुम् । By 6-3-112 सहिवहोरोदवर्णस्य – When the letter ‘ढ्’ is dropped, the prior अवर्ण: (‘अ’ or ‘आ’) belonging to the verbal root √सह् (षहँ मर्षणे १. ९८८) or √वह् (वहँ प्रापणे १. ११५९) is replaced by the letter ‘ओ’।
Note: The situation of a ढकारलोप: only arises after applying 8-3-13 ढो ढे लोपः। So even though 6-3-112 सहिवहोरोदवर्णस्य is an earlier rule (compared to 8-3-13) in the अष्टाध्यायी, it has to be allowed (in spite of 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्) to see the operation done by 8-3-13, for otherwise 6-3-112 would become useless.

‘सोढुम्’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।
And ‘सोढुम्’ gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-39 कृन्मेजन्तः – A term ending in a कृत्-प्रत्यय: ending in a मकारः or एच् (“ए”, “ओ”, “ऐ”, “औ”) is designated as an indeclinable.

(8) सोढुम् + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(9) सोढुम् । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. What would be the final form in this example in the case where the optional augment इट् is used?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-4-66 पर्याप्तिवचनेष्वलमर्थेषु (used in step 1) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – पर्याप्तिवचनेषु किम्? अलं भुक्त्वा। Please explain.

3. Commenting further on the सूत्रम् 3-4-66 पर्याप्तिवचनेष्वलमर्थेषु the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – अलमर्थेषु किम्? पर्याप्तं भुङ्क्ते। प्रभूततेह गम्यते न तु भोक्तु: सामर्थ्यम्। Please explain.

4. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-3-112 सहिवहोरोदवर्णस्य (used in step 7) the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – इह रेफलोपस्यासंभवात् ‘ढ्रलोपे पूर्वस्य-‘ इत्यतो ‘ढलोप’ एवानुवर्तते। Please explain.

5. Commenting further on the सूत्रम् 6-3-112 सहिवहोरोदवर्णस्य the तत्त्वबोधिनी says -ढलोपे किम्? सहते। Please explain.

6. How would you say this in Sankrit?
Jāmbavān said to Śrī Hanumān – ‘You are capable of crossing the ocean.’ Use the verbal root √तॄ (तॄ प्लवनतरणयोः १. ११२४) for ‘to cross.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-106 सम्बुद्धौ च been used in the verses?

2. Can you recall a सूत्रम् from the ‘अङ्गस्य’ अधिकार: in the which पाणिनि: specifically mentions the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्त्री’ (used in the form स्त्रीभिः in the verses)?