Today we will look at the form जेता mNs from श्रीमद्भागवद्गीता 11.34.

द्रोणं च भीष्मं च जयद्रथं च कर्णं तथान्यानपि योधवीरान्‌ | मया हतांस्त्वं जहि मा व्यथिष्ठा युध्यस्व जेतासि रणे सपत्नान्‌ || 11-34||
सञ्जय उवाच |
एतच्छ्रुत्वा वचनं केशवस्य कृताञ्जलिर्वेपमानः किरीटी | नमस्कृत्वा भूय एवाह कृष्णं सगद्गदं भीतभीतः प्रणम्य || 11-35||
अर्जुन उवाच |
स्थाने हृषीकेश तव प्रकीर्त्या जगत्प्रहृष्यत्यनुरज्यते च | रक्षांसि भीतानि दिशो द्रवन्ति सर्वे नमस्यन्ति च सिद्धसङ्घाः || 11-36||

Gita Press translation – Do kill Droṇa and Bhīṣma and Jayadratha and Karṇa and other brave warriors, who already stand killed by Me; fear not. Fight and you will surely conquer the enemies in the war (34). Sañjaya said : Hearing these words of Bhagavān Keśava, Arjuna tremblingly bowed to Him with joined palms, and bowing again in extreme terror spoke to Śrī Kṛṣṇa in faltering accents (35). Arjuna said: Lord, well it is, the universe exults and is filled with love by chanting Your names, virtues and glory; terrified Rākṣasas are fleeing in all directions, and all the hosts of Siddhas are bowing to You (36).

Note: Most commentators (including the Gita Press translation above) take जेतासि as a single तिङन्तं पदम्।  In this case the विवक्षा is लुँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम् and the meaning is ‘you will conquer.’ Please refer to the following post for the derivation of जेतासि – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/17/जेतासि-2as-लुँट्/
But some commentators split जेतासि in to जेता + असि। In this case – which we will consider here – जेता is a सुबन्तं पदम् and the विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम् and the प्रातिपदिकम् is ‘जेतृ’। How do we know whether ‘जेतृ’ is formed using the affix ‘तृच्’ or ‘तृन्’? If ‘जेतृ’ is formed using the affix ‘तृच्’ then the word denoting the object (those being conquered) should end in the षष्ठी विभक्ति: as per 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति। On the other hand if ‘जेतृ’ is formed using the affix ‘तृन्’ then the word denoting the object should end in the द्वितीया विभक्ति: because in the case of ‘तृन्’, 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ blocks 2-3-65. In the present example the object is सपत्नान् which ends in the द्वितीया विभक्ति: and hence we can conclude that ‘जेतृ’ is ending in the affix ‘तृन्’। And hence the meaning of जेता becomes ‘one who conquers as a matter of his nature/habit or sense of duty or skill.’ The meaning of the sentence जेतासि रणे सपत्नान्‌ becomes ‘You are a habitual/dutiful/skilled conqueror of enemies in war.’

जयति तच्छील:/तद्धर्मा/तत्साधुकारी = जेता ।

“जेतृ” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived here from the verbal root √जि (जि अभिभवे १. १०९६)

(1) जि + तृन् । By 3-2-135 तृन् – Following any verbal root, the affix ‘तृन्’ may be used to denote an agent who performs an action because of his nature/habit or sense of duty or skill.

(2) जि + तृ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: “तृ” gets आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।

Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् stops the “इट्”-आगम: (for “तृ”) which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।

(3) जे + तृ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows.

“जेतृ” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(4) जेतृ + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…। The प्रत्यय: “सुँ” has the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा here by 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य।

(5) जेतृ + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) जेत् अनँङ् + स् । By 7-1-94 ऋदुशनस्पुरुदंसोऽनेहसां च, “ऋत्” (short “ऋ”) ending terms, as well as the terms “उशनस्”, “पुरुदंसस्” and “अनेहस्” get the “अनँङ्” replacement when the “सुँ” suffix, that is not सम्बुद्धिः, follows. As per 1-1-53 ङिच्च, only the ending ऋकार: of “जेतृ” is replaced.

(7) जेत् अन् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) जेतान् + स् । By 6-4-11 अप्-तृन्-तृच्-स्वसृ-नप्तृ-नेष्टृ-त्वष्टृ-क्षत्तृ-होतृ-पोतृ-प्रशास्तॄणाम् – When a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix that is not a सम्बुद्धिः follows, the penultimate vowel of “अप्”, of words ending in affixes “तृन्” and “तृच्” and of the words “स्वसृ”, “नप्तृ”, “नेष्टृ”, “त्वष्टृ”, “क्षत्तृ”, “होतृ”, “पोतृ” and “प्रशास्तृ” is elongated.

(9) जेतान् । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात् सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल् – A single letter affix “सुँ”, “ति” or “सि” is dropped following a base ending in a consonant or in the long feminine affix “ङी” or “आप्”।

Now “जेतान्” gets the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्।

(10) जेता । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य – The ending नकार: of a पदम् is dropped when the पदम् also has the designation प्रातिपदिकम्।

Questions:

1. Which लकार: has been used in the form (मा) व्यथिष्ठा:?

2. Can you spot the affix ‘क्यच्’ in the verses?

3. In the word भीतानि has the निष्ठा affix ‘क्त’ been used कर्तरि or कर्मणि?

4. Which सूत्रम् is used for the नकारलोप: in the form अनुरज्यते?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-82 आने मुक् been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I may occasionally commit sin but I am not a habitual sinner (doer of sins.)” Use the अव्ययम् ‘क्वचित्’ for ‘occasionally.’

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution ‘व’ in युध्यस्व?

2. From which verbal root is द्रवन्ति derived?