Today we will look at the form दण्डयति 3As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb4.16.13

नादण्ड्यं दण्डयत्येष सुतमात्मद्विषामपि ।
दण्डयत्यात्मजमपि दण्ड्यं धर्मपथे स्थितः ।। ४-१६-१३ ।।

Gita Press translation “He never punishes him who does not deserve to be punished even if he be the son of those who are determined to do harm to His own self; on the other hand, He punishes His own son when found guilty, as He is establishes in the path of truth and justice.”

दण्डयति is derived from the धातुः √दण्ड (चुरादि-गणः, दण्ड दण्डनिपाते, धातु-पाठः # १०. ४७२)

The ending अकारः of “दण्ड” is not a अनुनासिक: and hence does not get the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्।

By 3-1-25 सत्यापपाशरूपवीणातूलश्लोकसेनालोमत्वचवर्मवर्णचूर्णचुरादिभ्यो णिच् , the affix णिच् is used after these words – “सत्य” ‘truth’ (which then takes the form of “सत्याप्” as exhibited in the सूत्रम्), “पाश” ‘fetter’, “रूप” ‘form’, “वीणा” ‘lute’, “तूल” ‘cotton’, “श्लोक” ‘celebration’, “सेना” ‘army’, “लोमन्” ‘hair of the body’, “त्वच” ‘skin’, “वर्मन्” ‘mail’, “वर्ण” ‘color’, “चूर्ण” ‘powder’ and the verbal roots belonging to the चुरादि-गणः।

दण्ड + णिच् । By 3-1-25. “णिच्” gets आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः
= दण्ड् + णिच् । By 6-4-48 अतो लोपः, when an आर्धधातुकम् affix follows, the अकारः at the end of a अङ्गम् is elided if the अङ्गम् ends in a अकार: at the time when the आर्धधातुकम् affix is prescribed.
= दण्ड् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= दण्डि ।
“दण्डि” gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।

As per 1-3-74 णिचश्च, the verbal roots that end in the णिच्-प्रत्ययः shall take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम् = कर्तृ-अभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer these verbal roots shall take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः।
In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root that ends in the णिच्-प्रत्ययः will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, it will be उभयपदी। Here it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययः।

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: will be “तिप्”।

(1) दण्डि + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) दण्डि + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) दण्डि + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “तिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(4) दण्डि + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) दण्डि + शप् + ति । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent.

(6) दण्डि + अ + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) दण्डे + अ + ति । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows.

(8) दण्डयति । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।

Questions:

1. In the first verse of which chapter of the गीता has the णिच्-प्रत्यय: been used in a तिङन्तं पदम्?

2. Can you recall another (besides “णिच्”) प्रत्यय: (which we have studied) which has “णि” in it?

3. The सूत्रम् 6-4-48 अतो लोपः (used in this example) belongs to the अधिकार: 6-4-46 आर्धधातुके which extends up to 6-4-68. Can you recall another सूत्रम् (which we have studied) which belongs to this same अधिकार:?

4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“One should not punish a person (masculine) who does not deserve to the punished.” Use a word from the verse for “a person (masculine) who does not deserve to the punished.” Use √दण्ड् (दण्डँ दण्डनिपाते, धातु-पाठः # १०. ४७२) for “to punish.”

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I would never punish my son.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I don’t care for your opinion.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “मत” for “opinion” and use √गण (गण सङ्ख्याने १०. ३९१) for “to care for.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has 6-1-132 एतत्तदोः सुलोपोऽकोरनञ्समासे हलि been used in the verse?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for सुत + अम् (द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) = सुतम्? (Why doesn’t 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः apply?)