Today we will look at the form जहि 2As-लोँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb11-30-37.
तन्माशु जहि वैकुण्ठ पाप्मानं मृगलुब्धकम् ।
यथा पुनरहं त्वेवं न कुर्यां सदतिक्रमम् ।। ११-३०-३७ ।।
Gita Press translation “Therefore, speedily kill me, a sinful hunter of (innocent) deer, O Lord of Vaikuṇṭha, lest I should commit offense against noble souls any more as I have done (this time).”
जहि is derived from the धातुः √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #२. २)
The विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
The ending अकारः (which is an इत्) of “हनँ” has a उदात्त-स्वरः। Thus the √हन्-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √हन्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default.
Since the विवक्षा is मध्यम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “सिप्”।
(1) हन् + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च , the affix लोँट् comes after a धातुः when used in the sense of command/request.
(2) हन् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) हन् + सिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “सिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “सिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(4) हन् + सि। अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् ।
(5) हन् + हि । By 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च , “सि” of लोँट् is substituted by “हि” and it is an अपित्। हि also gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ ।
(6) हन् + शप् + हि । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(7) हन् + हि । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।
(8) जहि । By 6-4-36 हन्तेर्जः, when followed by the हि-प्रत्ययः “हन्” gets “ज” as the replacement. See question 3. See easy question 2.
Questions:
1. How many times has जहि been used in the गीता?
2. Which term used as an अव्ययम् in the verse, has been translated as “therefore”?
3. Why doesn’t 6-4-105 अतो हेः apply after step 8?
4. Where has 8-1-23 त्वामौ द्वितीयायाः been used in the verse?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Kill the enemy in the form of desire/passion.” Take the answer directly from the गीता and rearrange the words in prose order.
6. Using similar construction (as above), compose the following sentences in Sanskrit:
i. “Kill the enemy in the form of anger.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “क्रोध” for “anger.”
ii. “Kill the enemy in the form of ignorance.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “अज्ञान” for “ignorance.”
Easy questions:
1. Where has 6-4-8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ been used in the verse?
2. Why doesn’t the आदेश: “ज” replace only the ending नकार: of “हन्” as per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य?
1. How many times has जहि been used in the गीता?
Answer: 2 times जहि and 1 time प्र-जहि।
एवं बुद्धेः परं बुद्धवा संस्तभ्यात्मानमात्मना ।
जहि शत्रुं महाबाहो कामरूपं दुरासदम् ॥ 3-43 ॥
द्रोणं च भीष्मं च जयद्रथं च कर्णं तथान्यानपि योधवीरान् ।
मया हतांस्त्वं जहि मा व्यथिष्ठा युध्यस्व जेतासि रणे सपत्नान् ॥ 11-34 ॥
तस्मात्त्वमिन्द्रियाण्यादौ नियम्य भरतर्षभ ।
पाप्मानं प्रजहि ह्येनं ज्ञानविज्ञाननाशनम् ॥ 3-41 ॥
2. Which term used as an अव्ययम् in the verse, has been translated as “therefore”?
Answer: “तद्”, used in तन्माशु = तद् मा आशु।
3. Why doesn’t 6-4-105 अतो हेः apply after step 8?
Answer: By 6-4-105 अतो हेः, the हि-प्रत्ययः should have taken elision. But since both 6-4-36 and 6-4-105 belong to the अधिकारः of 6-4-22 असिद्धवदत्राभात्, the ‘ज’-आदेश: that was done by 6-4-36 is not seen by 6-4-105. Only ‘हन्’ is seen by 6-4-105 and therefore there is no elision of the हि-प्रत्ययः here and the form remains as जहि।
Note: Both 6-4-36 and 6-4-105 prescribe an operation that involves the हि-प्रत्यय:। Since they are both based on a common element, 6-4-22 comes into effect.
4. Where has 8-1-23 त्वामौ द्वितीयायाः been used in the verse?
Answer: In “मा”, which is the alternate form of “माम्” (प्रातिपदिकम् “अस्मद्”, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्), prescribed by 8-1-23 त्वामौ द्वितीयायाः |
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Kill the enemy in the form of desire/passion.” Take the answer directly from the गीता and rearrange the words in prose order.
Answer: कामरूपं शत्रुं जहि |
6. Using similar construction (as above), compose the following sentences in Sanskrit:
i. “Kill the enemy in the form of anger.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “क्रोध” for “anger.”
ii. “Kill the enemy in the form of ignorance.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “अज्ञान” for “ignorance.”
Answer: i. क्रोधरूपं शत्रुं जहि |
ii. अज्ञानरूपं शत्रुं जहि |
Easy questions:
1. Where has 6-4-8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ been used in the verse?
Answer: पाप्मानम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “पाप्मन्”, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)
पाप्मन् + अम् । 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…।
= पाप्मान् + अम् । By 6-4-8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ, the penultimate letter of the अङ्गम् (base) ending in a नकार: gets elongated if it is followed by a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix. “अम्” has the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य।
= पाप्मानम्।
2. Why doesn’t the आदेश: “ज” replace only the ending नकार: of “हन्” as per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य?
Answer: आदेश: “ज” has two letters (ज् अ) thus it is अनेकाल् (has more than one letter) and hence by 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित् सर्वस्य it replaces the entire term “हन्”।
1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित् सर्वस्य is a अपवाद: for 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य।