Today we will look at the form व्यवसाय ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.12.33.

स च स्वर्लोकमारोक्ष्यन्सुनीतिं जननीं ध्रुवः । अन्वस्मरदगं हित्वा दीनां यास्ये त्रिविष्टपम् ।। ४-१२-३२ ।।
इति व्यवसितं तस्य व्यवसाय सुरोत्तमौ । दर्शयामासतुर्देवीं पुरो यानेन गच्छतीम् ।। ४-१२-३३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
दीनां हित्वा कथमगं दुर्गमं त्रिविष्टपं यास्यामीत्यन्वस्मरत् ।। ३२ ।। व्यवसितमभिप्रायम् । व्यवसाय ज्ञात्वा ।। ३३ ।।

Gita Press translation – As he was about to soar for the divine realm, Dhruva recalled his mother Sunīti, and said to himself, “Shall I have to proceed to the inaccessible heaven, leaving my poor mother behind?” (32) Having read his mind as depicted above, the two foremost divinities showed the shining lady going ahead (of Dhruva) in another aerial car (33).

व्यवसाय is derived from the verbal root √सो (षो अन्तकर्मणि ४. ४२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’ and ‘अव’।

The verbal root ‘षो’ has an initial letter ‘ष्’ in the धातु-पाठः। By 6-1-64 धात्वादेः षः सः, the letter ‘स्’ is substituted in place of the initial letter ‘ष्’ of a verbal root in the धातु-पाठः। So we now have √सो। Recall that as per 6-1-45 आदेच उपदेशेऽशिति – The ending एच् (‘ए’, ‘ओ’, ‘ऐ’, ‘औ’) letter of a verbal root in the धातु-पाठ: is replaced by the letter ‘आ’, but not in the context where the letter ‘श्’ which is a इत् follows. Hence we start the derivation with √सा।

(1) सा + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्‍त्‍वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same.
Note: Here the common agent of the actions व्यवसाय (having read) and दर्शयामासतुः (showed) is सुरोत्तमौ (the two foremost divinities.) The earlier of the two actions is the action ‘having read’ which is denoted by √सो and hence √सो takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.

(2) वि अव + सा + क्त्वा । ‘सा + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘वि अव’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।

(3) वि अव + सा + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्‍ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्)। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)

(4) वि अव + सा + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: As per 6-4-69 न ल्यपि – The letter ‘आ’ of the verbal roots listed in 6-4-66 घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि does not get the letter ‘ई’ as a replacement, when followed by the affix ‘ल्यप्’। 6-4-69 prevents 6-4-66 from applying here.

(5) व्यवसाय । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि।

‘व्यवसाय’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।

(6) व्यवसाय + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) व्यवसाय । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-69 न ल्यपि (used in step 4) been used in Chapter Five of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-4-69 न ल्यपि the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – कथं तर्हि ‘निपीय यस्य’ इति श्रीहर्षप्रयोग इति चेदत्राहुः – ‘पीङ् पाने’ इति दिवादिगणस्थात् ल्यपि न दोष इति। Please explain.

3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘हि’ in हित्वा?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-14 लृटः सद् वा been used in the verses?

5. Can you spot the affix खल् in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having resolved to abduct Sīta, Rāvaṇa requested assistance from Mārīca.” Use the neuter noun ‘साहाय्य’ for ‘assistance.’ Use the verbal root √हृ (हृञ् हरणे १. १०४६) with the prefix ‘अप’ for ‘to abduct’ and the verbal root √याच् (टुयाचृँ याच्ञायाम् १. १००१) for ‘to request.’

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment अट् in the verses?

2. Why is गच्छतीम् a आर्ष-प्रयोग: (irregular grammatical usage)?