Today we will look at the form आधारे mLs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.13.54.
विज्ञानात्मनि संयोज्य क्षेत्रज्ञे प्रविलाप्य तम् । ब्रह्मण्यात्मानमाधारे घटाम्बरमिवाम्बरे ।। १-१३-५४ ।।
ध्वस्तमायागुणोदर्को निरुद्धकरणाशयः । निवर्तिताखिलाहार आस्ते स्थाणुरिवाचलः । तस्यान्तरायो मैवाभूः सन्न्यस्ताखिलकर्मणः ।। १-१३-५५ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
समाधिमाह – विज्ञानेति द्वाभ्याम् । आत्मानं मनोऽहङ्कारास्पदं स्थूलदेहाद्वियोज्य विज्ञानात्मनि बुद्धौ संयोज्यैकीकृत्य तं च विज्ञानात्मानं दृश्यांशाद्वियोज्य क्षेत्रज्ञे द्रष्टरि प्रविलाप्य तं च क्षेत्रज्ञं द्रष्ट्रंशाद्वियोज्याधारे आश्रयसंज्ञे ब्रह्मणि प्रविलाप्य । घटाम्बरं घटोपाधेर्वियोज्य यथा महाकाशे प्रविलाप्यते तद्वत् ।। ५४ ।। व्युत्थानाभावमाह – ध्वस्तेति । अन्तर्गुणक्षोभाद्वा बहिरिन्द्रियविक्षेपाद्वा व्युत्थानं भवेत्, तदुभयं तस्य नास्ति । यतो ध्वस्तो मायागुणानामुदर्क उत्तरफलं वासना यस्य सः । निरुद्धानि करणानि चक्षुरादीन्याशयो मनश्च यस्य सः । अत एव निवर्तितोऽखिल आहारो भोज्यमिन्द्रियैर्विषयाहरणं वा येन सः । स्थाणुरिव निश्चल आस्ते ।। ५५ ।।
Gita Press translation – Nay, merging his ego (sense of I-ness or individuality) in Buddhi (the principle of intelligence and the source of I-consciousness) and dissolving his Buddhi in the individual soul (the Kṣetrajña as it is called), he has identified his individual soul with the Absolute (Brahma), the substratum of all, as the space within a jar is united with the unlimited space (54). Again, having thoroughly controlled his senses and mind, he has given up all enjoyment and uprooted the effects (in the shape of latent desires) of the Guṇas of Māyā. Nay, having abandoned all his duties, he sits motionless like a post now. Therefore, do not stand in his way (by trying to contact him) (55).
आध्रियन्तेऽस्मिन्नित्याधारः ।
The पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आधार’ is derived from the verbal root √धृ (धृञ् धारणे १. १०४७) with the उपसर्ग: ‘आङ्’।
(1) आङ् धृ + घञ् । The affix ‘घञ्’ is implied in the ready-made form ‘आधार’ given in the वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-122) अवहाराधारावायानामुपसङ्ख्यानम् – The list of words given in the सूत्रम् 3-3-122 अध्यायन्यायोद्यावसंहाराश्च should be extended to also include ‘अवहार’, ‘आधार’ and ‘आवाय’।
See question 1.
(2) आ धृ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) आ धर् + अ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः – A अङ्गम् whose final letter is a इक् gets a ‘गुण’ letter (ref. 1-1-2 अदेङ् गुणः) as a substitute, when a ‘सार्वधातुक’ affix or a ‘आर्धधातुक’ affix follows. As per 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (‘अ’, ‘इ’, ‘उ’) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a ‘रँ’ (‘र्’, ‘ल्’) letter.
(4) आधार । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः – A penultimate (उपधा) अकार: of a अङ्गम् gets वृद्धिः as the substitute when followed by an affix which is a ञित् or a णित्।
‘आधार’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।
The विवक्षा is सप्तमी-एकवचनम्।
(5) आधार + ङि । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(6) आधार + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(7) आधारे । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।
Questions:
1. In the absence of the वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-122) अवहाराधारावायानामुपसङ्ख्यानम्, which affix would have applied (instead of घञ्) in step 1?
2. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-74 न माङ्योगे been violated?
3. Can you spot the affix ‘क’ in the verses?
4. In which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: specifically mention the word भोज्यम् (used in the commentary)?
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-92 उपसर्गे घोः किः been used in the commentary?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Those who have the support of God are never defeated.” Paraphrase to “Never is there defeat for those whose support is God.” Form a masculine प्रातिपदिकम् for ‘defeat’ using the affix अच् (by 3-3-56 एरच्) following the verbal root √जि (जि अभिभवे १. १०९६) with the उपसर्ग: ‘परा’। To express the meaning of ‘for’ use the षष्ठी विभक्ति: with ‘those.’
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the word आस्ते?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः been used in the commentary?
1. In the absence of the वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-122) अवहाराधारावायानामुपसङ्ख्यानम्, which affix would have applied (instead of घञ्) in step 1?
Answer: The affix ‘घञ्’ prescribed by the वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-122) अवहाराधारावायानामुपसङ्ख्यानम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to the affix ‘घ’ prescribed by 3-3-118 पुंसि संज्ञायां घः प्रायेण – To denote the instrument or the locus of the action, the affix ‘घ’ is generally used following a verbal root, provided the word so derived is used in the masculine gender as a proper name.
2. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-74 न माङ्योगे been violated?
Answer: It has been violated in the form मा अभूः। It should have been मा भूः, as per 6-4-74 न माङ्योगे – When used in connection with माङ्, a base (अङ्गम्) does not take the augment अट् or आट्।
Please see the answer to question no. 1 in the following comment for derivation of the form मा भूः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/05/31/अन्वभावि-3ps-लुँङ्/#comment-3785
3. Can you spot the affix ‘क’ in the verses?
Answer: The affix ‘क’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः has been used in the form क्षेत्रज्ञे (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्षेत्रज्ञ’, पुँलिङ्गे सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)।
Please see answer to question 1 in the following comment for derivation of the form ‘क्षेत्रज्ञ’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/09/कृतज्ञः-mns/#comment-5170
4. In which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: specifically mention the word भोज्यम् (used in the commentary)?
Answer: पाणिनि: specifically mentions the word भोज्यम् in the सूत्रम् 7-3-69 भोज्यं भक्ष्ये – The form ‘भोज्य’ is used in the sense of ‘edible.’ In any other sense the form is ‘भोग्य’।
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-92 उपसर्गे घोः किः been used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-3-92 उपसर्गे घोः किः has been used in the form समाधिम् (पुँलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘समाधि’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।
The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘समाधि’ is derived from the verbal root √धा (डुधाञ् धारणपोषणयोः | दान इत्यप्येके #३. ११) preceded by the उपसर्गौ ‘सम्’ and ‘आङ्’।
सम् आङ् धा + कि । By 3-3-92 उपसर्गे घोः किः – Following a verbal root which has the designation ‘घु’ (ref. 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप्) and is in conjunction with a उपसर्ग:, the affix ‘कि’ may be used to denote either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name.
= सम् आ धा + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= समा ध् + इ । By 6-4-64 आतो लोप इटि च।
= समाधि । ‘समाधि’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
Note: Words ending in the affix ‘कि’ derived using the सूत्रम् 3-3-92 are used in the masculine gender.
Note: The सूत्रम् 3-3-92 उपसर्गे घोः किः has also been used in the form ‘उपाधि’ which is part of the compound ‘घटोपाधि’।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Those who have the support of God are never defeated.” Paraphrase to “Never is there defeat for those whose support is God.” Form a masculine प्रातिपदिकम् for ‘defeat’ using the affix अच् (by 3-3-56 एरच्) following the verbal root √जि (जि अभिभवे १. १०९६) with the उपसर्ग: ‘परा’। To express the meaning of ‘for’ use the षष्ठी विभक्ति: with ‘those.’
Answer: येषाम् भगवान् आधारः अस्ति तेषाम् न कदाचन पराजयः = येषां भगवानाधारोऽस्ति तेषां न कदाचन पराजयः ।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the word आस्ते?
Answer: The substitution ‘ए’ in the word आस्ते is prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे – The टि-भागः (ref. 1-1-64 अचोऽन्त्यादि टि) of a आत्मनेपदम् affix which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has the letter ‘ट्’ as a इत्), gets the letter ‘ए’ as the replacement.
Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the form आस्ते – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/07/16/मीमांसते-3as-लँट्/#comment-4023
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः been used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः has been used in the form द्रष्टरि (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘द्रष्टृ’, पुंलिङ्गे सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)।
द्रष्टृ + ङि । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
= द्रष्टृ + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= द्रष्टर् + इ | By 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः – The ending letter ‘ऋ’ of a अङ्गम् gets a गुणः replacement, when followed by the affix ‘ङि’ (सप्तमी-एकवचनम्) or an affix with the designation सर्वनामस्थानम्। By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः – In the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a ‘रँ’ letter.
= द्रष्टरि ।