Today we will look at the form अवभाति 3As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb3-29-40.

यत्रेदं व्यज्यते विश्वं विश्वस्मिन्नवभाति यत् ।
तत्त्वं ब्रह्म परं ज्योतिराकाशमिव विस्तृतम् ।। ४-२४-६० ।।

Gita Press translation “You are the same Brahma (Infinite) in whom is manifested this universe and who shines through the universe, nay, who is supreme effulgence and is all-pervading like ether.”

भाति is derived from the धातुः √भा (भा दीप्तौ, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #२. ४६)

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

In the धातु-पाठः, the √भा-धातुः has no इत् letters. It is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √भा-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √भा-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “तिप्”।

(1) भा + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) भा + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) भा + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “तिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) भा + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) भा + शप् + ति । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(6) भाति । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।

Note: “अव” has been used as a उपसर्ग:। – ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे।
अव + भाति = अवभाति।

Questions:

1. In Chapter 16 of the गीता can you spot a आकारान्त-धातु: belonging to the अदादि-गण: (just like √भा) which has taken the लँट्-प्रत्यय:, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्? (Form will be similar to भाति)।

2. Please give the two (optional) forms when √भा is conjugated in लँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।

3. Where has 6-4-24 अनिदितां हल उपधायाः क्ङिति been used in the verse?

4. Can you spot another (besides the one referred to in question 3) नकार-लोप: in the verse?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“It appears that you have studied grammar.” Paraphrase this to “It appears that grammar has been studied by you.” Use √भा (भा दीप्तौ #२. ४६) for “to appear”, use the अव्ययम् “इति” (end-quote) for “that” and use the adjective “अधीत” for “has been studied.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Do as you wish.” Take the answer directly from Chapter 18 of the गीता।

Easy questions:

1. Where has 8-3-32 ङमो ह्रस्वादचि ङमुण्नित्यम् been used in the verse?

2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङि-प्रत्यय: by “स्मिन्” in the form विश्वस्मिन्?