Today we will look at the form विद्धि 2As-लोँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb6-12-10.

यथा दारुमयी नारी यथा यन्त्रमयो मृगः ।
एवं भूतानि मघवन्नीशतन्त्राणि विद्धि भोः ।। ६-१२-१० ।।

Gita Press translation “Just as a wooden puppet or even as a mechanical toy-deer is subject to the control of the showman or the individual winding up the toy, likewise know (all) living beings, O Indra, are subject to the control of God.”

विद्धि is derived from the धातुः √विद् (विदँ ज्ञाने, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः २. ५९)

The विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

In the धातु-पाठः, the √विद्-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the अकार: following the दकार:। This इत् letter has a उदात्त-स्वर:। Thus the √विद्-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √विद्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √विद्-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is मध्यम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “सिप्”।

(1) विद् + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च , the affix लोँट् comes after a धातुः when used in the sense of command/request.

(2) विद् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) विद् + सिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “सिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “सिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(4) विद् + सि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) विद् + हि । By 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च , सि of लोँट् is substituted by हि and it is an अपित्। हि also gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ ।

(6) विद् + शप् + हि । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(7) विद् + हि । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः। See question 1.

(8) विद्धि । By 6-4-101 हुझल्भ्यो हेर्धिः, the “हि” of लोँट् gets “धि” as replacement, when following the verbal root √हु (हु दानादनयोः | आदाने चेत्येके | प्रीणनेऽपीति भाष्यम् ३. १) or when following a verbal root ending in a letter of the झल्-प्रत्याहारः।

Questions:

1. Why doesn’t 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च apply after step 7 to do a गुणादेश: in place of the इकार: of “विद्”?

2. Where is the form विद्धि used in the गीता?

3. Which प्रातिपदिकम् has been used in the form (हे) मघवन्? Is there an alternate form?

4. Can you recall two सूत्रे wherein पाणिनि: specifically refers to this प्रातिपदिकम् (answer to #3)?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Know that the truth always wins.” Use √जि (जि जये १. ६४२) for “to win” and use the अव्ययम् “इति” (end-quote) to convey the meaning “that.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Seeing (having seen) a lion, all the deer quickly ran away.” Use the अव्ययम् “दृष्ट्वा” for “having seen” and use √अय् (अयँ- [गतौ]१. ५४६) with the उपसर्ग: “परा” for “to run away.” Use “द्रुतम्” as an adverb “quickly.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot a नुँट्-आगम: in the verse?

2. Where has 7-1-72 नपुंसकस्य झलचः been used in the verse?