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वेत्थ 2As-लँट्

Today we will look at the form वेत्थ 2As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb11-22-28.

त्वत्तो ज्ञानं हि जीवानां प्रमोषस्तेऽत्र शक्तितः ।
त्वमेव ह्यात्ममायाया गतिं वेत्थ न चापरः ।। ११-२२-२८ ।।

Gita Press translation “Since enlightenment in this world comes to the Jīvas (embodied souls) through You (alone), and the obscuration of knowledge (too) follows from Your energy (in the shape of Avidyā or Nescience), therefore You alone know the course of Your own Māyā, and none else.”

वेत्थ is derived from the धातुः √विद् (विदँ ज्ञाने, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः २. ५९)

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

In the धातु-पाठः, the √विद्-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the अकार: following the दकार:। This इत् letter has a उदात्त-स्वर:। Thus the √विद्-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √विद्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √विद्-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is मध्यम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “सिप्”।

(1) विद् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) विद् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) विद् + सिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “सिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “सिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) विद् + थल् । By 3-4-83 विदो लटो वा, The affixes (तिप्, तस् etc.) of लँट् following the verbal root √विद् (विदँ ज्ञाने २. ५९ ) optionally get the nine affixes णल्, अतुस् etc., as replacements respectively.
Note: The nine परस्‍मैपद-प्रत्यया: [तिप्, तस्, झि, सिप्, थस्, थ, मिप्, वस्, मस्] of लँट् optionally get णल्, अतुस्, उस्, थल्, अथुस्, अ, णल्, व, म as replacements. As per 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्, the substitutions are done respectively.
थल् also gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ

(5) विद् + थ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(6) विद् + शप् + थ । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्

(7) विद् + थ । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।

(8) वेद् + थ । By 7-3-86 पुगन्‍तलघूपधस्‍य च, when a अङ्गम् is followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्ययः, then its इक्-letter takes गुण-आदेशः in the following two cases: i) The अङ्गम् ends in a पुक्-आगमः or ii) The penultimate letter of the अङ्गम् has the लघु-सञ्ज्ञा।
Note: Since “थ” came in the place of “सिप्”, by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ it is also a पित्। See question 2.

(9) वेत्थ । By 8-4-55 खरि च, a झल् letter is replaced by a चर् letter when a खर् letter follows.

Questions:

1. Where has वेत्थ been used in the गीता?

2. In this example, why is it important for “थल्” to be a पित् (by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ)?

3. By which सूत्रम् does अत्र get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?

4. What would have been the final form in this example if the (optional) “थल्”-आदेश: had not been done?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I know that you’re tired.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “श्रान्त” for “tired” and use the अव्ययम् “इति” (end-quote) for “that.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“How would I know the answer to (of) this question?” Use the अव्ययम् “कथम्” for “how.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot a “याट्”-आगम: in the verse?

2. Where has 6-4-3 नामि been used?

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