Today we will look at the form विनमय्य ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.9.3.

स वै धिया योगविपाकतीव्रया हृत्पद्मकोशे स्फुरितं तडित्प्रभम् । तिरोहितं सहसैवोपलक्ष्य बहिःस्थितं तदवस्थं ददर्श ।। ४-९-२ ।।
तद्दर्शनेनागतसाध्वसः क्षिताववन्दताङ्गं विनमय्य दण्डवत् । दृग्भ्यां प्रपश्यन्प्रपिबन्निवार्भकश्चुम्बन्निवास्येन भुजैरिवाश्लिषन् ।। ४-९-३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
स वै ध्रुवो योगस्य विपाकेन दार्ढ्येन तीव्रया निश्चलया । गरुडाधिरूढं पुरतः स्थितमपि यदान्तर्दृष्टित्वादसौ नापश्यत्तदा भगवतैवान्तःस्थं रूपमाकृष्टमतस्तिरोहितमुपलक्ष्य व्युत्थितः सन् तदवस्थं यादृगन्तः स्फुरितस्तादृशम् ।। २ ।। आगतसाध्वसो जातसंभ्रमः । विनमय्य आनतं कृत्वा । संभ्रममेवाह । दृग्भ्यां प्रपिबन्निव पश्यन्नवन्दत । आस्येन चुम्बन्निवावन्दत । भुजाभ्यामाश्लिषन्निवावन्दतेत्यर्थः ।। ३ ।।

Gita Press translation – Dhruva saw that the form, brilliant as a flash of lightning, that was revealed in the lotus of his heart by an intellect sharpened by the ripeness of Yoga (concentration) had suddenly vanished, and (on opening his eyes) he beheld the same figure standing without (2). Struck with awe at His sight, the child (Dhruva) greeted Him by prostrating his body like a log on the ground. He gazed at Him as if He would drink Him with his eyes, kiss Him with his lips and clasp Him with his arms (3).

विनमय्य is derived from a causative form of the verbal root √नम् (णमँ प्रह्वत्वे शब्दे च १. ११३६) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’।

(1) नम् + णिच् । By 3-1-26 हेतुमति च – The affix ‘णिच्’ is used after a verbal root, when the operation of a causer – such as the operation of directing – is to be expressed.

(2) नम् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) नाम् + इ । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः – A penultimate (उपधा) letter ‘अ’ of a अङ्गम् (base) gets वृद्धिः (ref. 1-1-1) as the substitute when followed by an affix which is a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्)।

(4) नमि । By 6-4-92 मितां ह्रस्वः – A short vowel (ह्रस्व:) is substituted in place of the penultimate letter (vowel) of a verbal root which is मित् (has the letter ‘म्’ as an इत्) and is followed by the causative affix ‘णि’। Note: Any verbal root belonging to one of the following two special sections of the धातु-पाठ: is considered as a मित् (having the letter ‘म्’ as an इत्)।
1. Beginning with √घट् (घटँ चेष्टायाम् १. ८६७) and ending with √फण् (फणँ गतौ १. ९५५)
2. Beginning with √ज्ञप् (ज्ञपँ ज्ञानज्ञापनमारणतोषणनिशाननिशामनेषु १०. ११८) and ending with √चि (चिञ् चयने १०. १२४).

As per the गण-सूत्रम् ‘जनीजॄष्क्नसुरञ्जोऽमन्ताश्च’ – The verbal roots √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४), √जॄ (जॄष् वयोहानौ ४. २५), √क्नस् (क्नसुँ ह्वरणदीप्त्योः ४. ७), √रञ्ज् (रञ्जँ रागे १. ११५४) as well as any verbal root ending in ‘अम्’ are considered to be ‘मित्’ (having the letter ‘म्’ as a इत्)।

‘नमि’ gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।

(5) नमि + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्‍त्‍वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same.
Note: Here the common agent of the actions विनमय्य (prostrating) and अवन्दत (greeted) is ध्रुवः। The earlier of the two actions is the action ‘prostrating’ which is denoted by ‘नमि’ and hence ‘नमि’ takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.

(6) वि नमि + क्त्वा । ‘नमि + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘वि’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।

(7) वि नमि + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्‍ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्)। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)

(8) वि नमि + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(9) वि नमय् + य । By 6-4-56 ल्यपि लघुपूर्वात्‌ – The affix ‘णि’ is substituted by ‘अय्’ when the following two conditions are satisfied –
(i) ‘णि’ is preceded by a letter (‘म्’ in this case) which itself is preceded by a vowel (‘अ’ in this case) having the designation ‘लघु’ (ref. 1-4-10 ह्रस्वं लघु) and
(ii) ‘णि’ is followed by the affix ‘ल्यप्’।

‘विनमय्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।

(10) विनमय्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(11) विनमय्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. In how many places in the गीता has the सूत्रम् 6-4-56 ल्यपि लघुपूर्वात्‌ been used?
(i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) 2 (iv) 3

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-4-56 ल्यपि लघुपूर्वात्‌ (used in step 9) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – लघुपूर्वात्किम्? संप्रधार्य। Please explain.

3. Where else (besides in विनमय्य) has the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ been used in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in place of ‘लँट्’) in प्रपश्यन्, प्रपिबन्, चुम्बन् and आश्लिषन्?

5. From which verbal root is ‘व्युत्थित’ (used in the commentary) derived?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Raising (having caused to rise) her (own) face, Sītā saw Śrī Hanumān situated on the branch of a tree.” Use (a causative form) of the verbal root √नम् (णमँ प्रह्वत्वे शब्दे च १. ११३६) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘उद्’ for ‘to rise.’ Use the निष्ठा affix ‘क्त’ with the verbal root √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७) to form a प्रातिपदिकम् for ‘situated.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-62 क्विन्प्रत्ययस्य कुः been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘इयँङ्’ in धिया?