Today we will look at the form मा भैष्ट 2Ap-लुँङ् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.34.28.

मा भैष्टेत्यभयारावौ शालहस्तौ तरस्विनौ । आसेदतुस्तं तरसा त्वरितं गुह्यकाधमम् ।। १०-३४-२८ ।।
स वीक्ष्य तावनुप्राप्तौ कालमृत्यू इवोद्विजन् । विसृज्य स्त्रीजनं मूढः प्राद्रवज्जीवितेच्छया ।। १०-३४-२९ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
मा भैष्ट भयं न प्राप्नुतेत्यभयवाचौ ।।२८।। ।।२९।।

Gita Press translation – Shouting Their assurance of safety in the words “Do not be afraid!” with a sal tree in hand, the two nimble-footed Brothers ran with quick steps and speedily overtook that vile Guhyaka (Yakṣa). (28) Shuddering to perceive the two Brothers, close upon his heels like Kāla (the Time-Spirit) and Death personified, the fool abandoned the womenfolk and ran post-haste with intent to save his life.(29)

‘मा भैष्ट’ is derived from the धातुः √भी (ञिभी भये, जुहोत्यादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः # ३. २)

The “ञि” at the beginning of “ञिभी” gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

√भी is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, in कर्तरि प्रयोग: √भी takes the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √भी can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लुँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।

(1) माङ् भी + लुँङ् । By 3-3-175 माङि लुङ्, the affix लुँङ् must be used after a verbal root when used in connection with the अव्ययम् “माङ्”।
Note: This rule debars the use of any other लकार: after a verbal root when used in connection with the अव्ययम् “माङ्”। See question 2.

(2) मा भी + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) मा भी + थ । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “थ” as the substitute for the लकारः।

(4) मा भी + त । By 3-4-101 तस्थस्थमिपां तांतंतामः, the तिङ्-प्रत्ययाः “तस्”, “थस्”, “थ” and “मिप्” of a लकारः which is a ङित्, are replaced by “ताम्”, “तम्”, “त” and “अम्” respectively.

(5) मा भी + च्लि + त । By 3-1-43 च्लि लुङि, when लुँङ् follows, the प्रत्यय: “च्लि” is prescribed after a verbal root.
Note: This सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: for 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ etc.

(6) मा भी + सिँच् + त । By 3-1-44 च्लेः सिच्, the affix “च्लि” is substituted by “सिँच्”।

(7) मा भी + स् + त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ stops the “इट्”-आगम: (for the प्रत्यय: “स्”) which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।

(8) मा भै + स् + त । By 7-2-1 सिचि वृद्धिः परस्मैपदेषु – (The ending letter of) a base (अङ्गम्) which ends in a इक् letter takes the वृद्धि: substitute when followed by the affix सिँच् which is in turn followed by a परस्मैपदम् affix.

Note: By 6-4-74 न माङ्योगे, when used in connection with माङ्, a base (अङ्गम्) shall not take the augment अट् or आट्। 6-4-74 prohibits 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः।

(9) मा भैष्त । By 8-3-59 आदेशप्रत्यययो:, the letter “स्” is replaced by the cerebral “ष्” when preceded either by a letter of the इण्-प्रत्याहार: or a letter of the क-वर्ग: (“क्”, “ख्”, “ग्”, “घ्”, “ङ्”)। This substitution only takes place if the “स्” is an आदेश: (substitute) or part of a प्रत्यय: (affix.)

(10) मा भैष्ट । By 8-4-41 ष्टुना ष्टुः, when the letter “स्” or a letter of the त-वर्ग: (“त्”, “थ्”, “द्”, “ध्”, “न्”) comes in contact with either the letter “ष्” or a letter of the ट-वर्ग: (“ट्”, “ठ्”, “ड्”, “ढ्”, “ण्”) then it is replaced respectively by “ष्”, ट-वर्ग: (“ट्”, “ठ्”, “ड्”, “ढ्”, “ण्”).

Questions:

1. Where has 3-3-175 माङि लुङ् (used in step 1) been used in Chapter 11 of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-3-175 माङि लुङ्, the तत्वबोधिनी says – मास्त्वित्यादौ निषेधार्थकमाशब्दोऽन्य एव, न तु माङित्याहुः। Please explain.

3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-2-1 सिचि वृद्धिः परस्मैपदेषु (used in step 8), the काशिका says – परस्मैपदेषु इति किम्? अच्योष्ट। Please explain.

4. In the verses where has लिँट् been used?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-101 तस्थस्थमिपां तांतंतामः (used in step 4) been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
Śrī Kṛṣṇa said to Arjuna “Do not fear.”

Easy Questions:

1. In the verses can you spot a सुबन्तं पदम् derived from the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “तद्” and the विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-द्विवचनम्?

2. Why has 6-1-77 इको यणचि not been applied between कालमृत्यू + इव in the verses?