Today we will look at the form तरिष्यन्ति 3Ap-लृँट् from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 5.39.25.

ततो हि हरिशार्दूल पुनरागमनाय तु  । प्राणानामपि सन्देहो मम स्यान्नात्र संशयः ।। ५-३९-२२ ।।
तवादर्शनजः शोको भूयो मां परितापयेत् । दुःखाद्दुःखपरामृष्टां दीपयन्निव वानर ।। ५-३९-२३ ।।
अयं च वीर सन्देहस्तिष्ठतीव ममाग्रतः । सुमहांस्त्वत्सहायेषु हर्यृक्षेषु हरीश्वर ।। ५-३९-२४ ।।
कथं नु खलु दुष्पारं तरिष्यन्ति महोदधिम् । तानि हर्यृक्षसैन्यानि तौ वा नरवरात्मजौ ।। ५-३९-२५ ।।

Gita Press translation “For, if after that there is any doubt about your return, O tiger among monkeys, there is uncertainty of my survival too; there is no doubt about it. (22) Grief born of your absence, O monkey, will torment me further, burning me as it were, seized (as I already am) with agony after agony. (23) Nay, this very great doubt (ever) stands before me as it were about your associate monkeys and bears, O heroic lord of monkeys, as to how on earth those hordes of monkeys and bears or (for that matter) those two princes (lit., sprung from the loins of a jewel among men) will actually (be able to) cross the vast sea, which is (so) difficult to cross. (24-25)”

तरिष्यन्ति is derived from the धातुः √तॄ (तॄ प्लवनतरणयोः १. ११२४).

The verbal root √तॄ has no इत् letters in the धातु-पाठ:। Thus √तॄ is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, √तॄ takes परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default.

The विवक्षा here is लृँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।

(1) तॄ + लृँट् । 3-3-13 लृट् शेषे च – With or without the presence of a क्रियार्था क्रिया (an action meant or intended for another action), the affix लृँट् is prescribed after a धातुः when used in the sense of future.

(2) तॄ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) तॄ + झि । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झि” as the substitute for the लकारः।

(4) तॄ + स्य + झि । By 3-1-33 स्यतासी लृलुटोः, the affixes “स्य” and “तासिँ” are prescribed after a धातुः when followed by “लृँ” (लृँट् or लृँङ्) or लुँट् respectively.

Note: This rule is a अपवाद: for 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ etc.

(5) तॄ + इट् स्य + झि । By 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः – an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: beginning with a letter of the वल्-प्रत्याहारः gets the augment “इट्”।

Note: √तॄ is not अनुदात्तोपदेश: and hence 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ cannot block 7-2-35. See question 3.

As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the आगम: “इट्” joins at the beginning of the प्रत्यय: “स्य”।

(6) तॄ + इस्य + झि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) तर् + इस्य + झि । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows. By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a “रँ” (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.

(8) तर् + इस्य + अन्ति । By 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः – “अन्त्” comes in as a replacement for the झकारः of a प्रत्यय:।

(9) तरिस्यन्ति । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे, in the place of the letter “अ” which is not at the end of a पदम्, and the following गुण: letter, there is single substitute of the latter (the गुण: letter).

(10) तरिष्यन्ति । By 8-3-59 आदेशप्रत्यययो:, the letter “स्” is replaced by the cerebral “ष्” when preceded either by a letter of the इण्-प्रत्याहार: or a letter of the क-वर्ग: (“क्”, “ख्”, “ग्”, “घ्”, “ङ्”)। This substitution only takes place if the “स्” is an आदेश: (substitute) or part of a प्रत्यय: (affix.)

Questions:

1. Where has √तॄ (तॄ प्लवनतरणयोः १. ११२४) been used with लृँट् in Chapter Eighteen of the गीता?

2. What would be an alternate final form (besides तरिष्यन्ति) in this example?

3. A majority of the monosyllabic verbal roots ending in a vowel are अनुदात्तोपदेशा:। But those (like √तॄ) ending in a ॠकार: are not. Monosyllabic verbal roots ending in which other long vowel (besides ॠकार:) are not अनुदात्तोपदेशा:?

4. Which सूत्रम् is used for the अकार-लोप: in the form स्यात् used in the verses?

5. Can you spot the affix णिच् used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the verses?

6. Use some words from the verses to compose the following sentence in Sanskrit:
“How actually will I across this sea of transmigration which is so difficult to cross?” Use the (compound) masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “संसार-सागर” for “sea of transmigration.”

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् is used to perform the सन्धि-कार्यम् between दीपयन् + इव = दीपयन्निव?

2. Where has 8-3-7 नश्छव्यप्रशान् been used in the verses?