Today we will look at the form मातरि from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्
कौसल्यायां महातेजा यथा मातरि वर्तते |
तथा यो वर्ततेऽस्मासु महात्मा क्व नु गच्छति || २-४१-४||
Gita Press translation “Where goes the high-souled Śrī Rāma, who is endowed with exceptional glory and who behaved with us (in the same way) as he did with his own mother, Kausalyā ? ”
‘मातृ’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is सप्तमी-एकवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मातृ‘.
(1) मातृ + ङि
(2) मातर् + ङि । ‘अर्’ comes in as a आदेशः for ऋ by 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः and 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः
(3) मातरि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः.
Questions:
1. Why didn’t 6-1-77 इको यणचि apply after step 1?
2. Which word in the verse translates to “where”?
3. Does “मातृ” get the घि-सञ्ज्ञा?
4. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः used in this verse?
5. What is the purpose of having the ङकार: as an इत् in the ङि-प्रत्यय:?
6. Who is the author of the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी?
a) वरदराज: b) पाणिनि: c) भट्टोजि-दीक्षित: d) पतञ्जलि: e) नागेशभट्ट:
Easy questions:
1. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “गुण:” come into 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः ?
2. Where is the सूत्रम् 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति used in this verse?
3. Which are the two rules which define the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा?
Questions:
2. Which word in the verse translates to “where”?
क्व
4. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः used in this verse?
य:
The प्रातिपदिकम् here is “यद्” and the विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् and the steps are as follows:
यद् + सुँ – 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छस्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्
य अ + सुँ – 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः , 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य
य + सुँ – 6-1-97 अतो गुणे
य + स् – 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः
य: – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः , 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः
5. What is the purpose of having the ङकार: as an इत् in the ङि-प्रत्यय:?
There are operations that are common to the चतुर्थी / पञ्चमी / षष्ठी / सप्तमी-एकवचनम्. By having the ङकार: as an इत् in all of them (ङे, ङसिँ, ङस् and ङि), they can be collectively referred as ङित् – having ङकार: as an इत् .
Here are a couple of rules (that we have studied) where the four प्रत्यया: are referred collectively as ङित्
1-4-6 ङिति ह्रस्वश्च
7-3-111 घेर्ङिति ।
Also, having the ङकार: as an इत् in “ङि” allows पाणिनि: to specifically refer to the ङि-प्रत्यय: in rules such as 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः , 7-3-116 ङेराम्नद्याम्नीभ्यः and 8-2-8 न ङिसम्बुद्ध्योः . If the ङकार: were not there as an इत् , then he would have to simply say “इ” which would end up referring to every इकार: – not just the इकार: of the सप्तमी-एकवचन-प्रत्यय:
ङकार: विशेषणार्थ:- इति तत्त्वबोधिनी-टीका
6. Who is the author of the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी?
a) वरदराज: b) पाणिनि: c) भट्टोजि-दीक्षित: d) पतञ्जलि: e) नागेशभट्ट:
c) भट्टोजि-दीक्षित:
Easy questions:
1. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “गुण:” come into 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः ?
7-3-108 ह्रस्वस्य गुणः
2. Where the सूत्रम् 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति used in this verse?
वर्ततेऽस्मासु = वर्तते + अस्मासु
3. Which are the two rules which define the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा?
1-1-42 सुँडनपुंसकस्य and 1-1-41 शि सर्वनामस्थानं
Okay – the placing of the relative clauses coupled with the यः/सः prepositions made it a little difficult for me to put together the sentence in prose order..still not sure if it is right.
यः महातेजा: यथा मातरि कौसल्यायाम् वर्तते , तथा अस्मासु वर्तते , (स:) महात्मा (राम:) क्व नु गच्छति ?
Questions:
1. Why didn’t 6-1-77 इको यणचि apply after step 1?
7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः is a later rule (compared to 6-1-77 इको यणचि ), and more importantly, ङि is specifically mentioned by पाणिनि: in 7-3-110. If 7-3-110 is not going to apply when ङि follows (a ऋदन्तम् अङ्गम्), then the mention of ङि in 7-3-110 would be useless. Therefore 7-3-110 has to apply in the situation of मातृ + ङि
2. Which word in the verse translates to “where”?
The word is क्व . This is an indeclinable form (अव्ययम्).
3. Does “मातृ” get the घि-सञ्ज्ञा?
No it doesn’t. As per 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि – When a short इ ending or short उ ending term – except for सखि – does not have the नदी-संज्ञा then it gets the घिसंज्ञा . Since “मातृ” does not end in an इकार: or उकार: , there is no possibility of it getting the घि-सञ्ज्ञा .
4. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः used in this verse?
In the word यः [ यत् + सुँ ]
6. Who is the author of the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी?
c) भट्टोजि-दीक्षित:
Easy questions:
1. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “गुण:” come into 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः ?
From 7-3-108 ह्रस्वस्य गुणः .
2. Where is the सूत्रम् 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति used in this verse?
In वर्ततेऽस्मासु
3. Which are the two rules which define the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा?
1-1-42 शि सर्वनामस्थानम् and 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य ।
1. Why didn’t 6-1-77 इको यणचि apply after step 1?
If there is a contention between rules in the सपादसप्ताध्यायी then we should consider the tie breakers in the following order – उत्सर्ग:/अपवाद: , नित्यकार्यम्/अनित्यकार्यम्, बहिरङ्गम्/अन्तरङ्गम्, and lastly परकार्यम्.
The सूत्रम् 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः applies when there is an अङ्गम् ending in a ऋकार: followed either by the ङि-प्रत्यय: of by a प्रत्यय: that has the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा . The सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा is defined by the two rules – 1-1-42 शि सर्वनामस्थानम् and 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य . From these we see that only the following प्रत्यया: can get the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा – शि (in neuter), सुँ, औ, जस्, अम् and औट् . Out of these only सुँ doesn’t being with a vowel. But when सुँ follows, 7-3-110 doesn’t get a chance anyway because the more specific rule 7-1-94 ऋदुशनस्पुरुदंसोऽनेहसां च applies. After taking this into account we see that wherever 7-3-110 has a chance to apply, we have the situation ऋ + अच् . In all these places 6-1-77 इको यणचि (which has a much larger domain) will also come for application.
Thus, besides being पर-कार्यम् (in comparison to 6-1-77 इको यणचि), 7-3-110 is also an अपवाद: (sub-domain) for 6-1-77 इको यणचि – which means that when both are applicable, 7-3-110 has to be given preference.