Today we will look at the form अदित्याम् from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्
अथ विष्णुर्महातेजा अदित्यां समजायत |
वामनं रूपमास्थाय वैरोचनिमुपागमत् || १-२९-१९||
Gita Press translation "Now the exceptionally glorious Lord Vishnu took His descent through Aditi and, assuming the form of the divine Dwarf, sought the presence of Bali (the son of Virocana, Prahlada's son)."
अदिति gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is सप्तमी-एकवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the स्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “अदिति”.
(1) अदिति + ङि । By 1-4-6 ङिति ह्रस्वश्च, अदिति optionally gets the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा, since it is followed by a ङित् affix.
(2) अदिति + इ । The ङकार: gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः causes it to disappear.
(3) अदिति + आम् । By 7-3-117 इदुद्भ्याम् , the affix ङि, following a term having the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा and ending in short इ or short उ, gets आम् as its replacement.
(4) अदिति + आट् आम् । By 7-3-112 आण्नद्याः , the ङित् affixes that follow an अङ्गम् ending in a term having the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा, get the आट् augment.
(5) अदिति + आ आम् । टकार-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः.
(6) अदिति + आम् । By 6-1-90 आटश्च, वृद्धिः letter is a single replacement when आट् is followed by a vowel.
(7) अदित्याम् । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि.
Questions:
1. By the सूत्रम् 1-4-6 ङिति ह्रस्वश्च , the term “अदिति” optionally got the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा . In the absence of the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा what would have been the optional final form in this example?
2. Can there be a case where a term has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा and the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा at the same time?
3. Why is 7-3-117 इदुद्भ्याम् required (in step 3)? Could we not have just used the prior rule 7-3-116 ङेराम्नद्याम्नीभ्यः since “अदिति” has the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा in this case?
4. Why didn’t 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् apply after step 3?
5. Why didn’t 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् apply after step 6?
6. From where does the अनु्वृत्ति: of “वृद्धि:” come in to the सूत्रम् 6-1-90 आटश्च ?
7. Where does the word “आस्थाय” come in the गीता ?
8. Why didn’t 6-1-77 इको यणचि apply in step 3 itself?
Namaste Satish Mahodaya:
1. By the सूत्रम् 1-4-6 ङिति ह्रस्वश्च , the term “अदिति” optionally got the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा . In the absence of the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा what would have been the optional final form in this example?
अदितौ will be the other form ( with घि-सञ्ज्ञा )
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2. Can there be a case where a term has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा and the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा at the same time?
No.
The वृत्तिः for 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि is “अनदीसंज्ञौ ह्रस्वौ याविदुतौ तदन्तं सखिवर्जं घिसंज्ञम् “. When a short इ ending or short उ ending term – except for सखि – does not have the नदी-संज्ञा then it gets the घि-संज्ञा.
So it is not possible to give घि-सञ्ज्ञा to a term if it already got the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा.
Also, since 1-4-3 यू स्त्र्याख्यौ नदी and 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि fall under the “1-4-1 आ कडारादेका संज्ञा” अधिकारः a term can never get घि-सञ्ज्ञा and the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा at the same time. The “आ कडारादेका संज्ञा” अधिकारः runs from 1-4-1 through 2-2-38.
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3. Why is 7-3-117 इदुद्भ्याम् required (in step 3)? Could we not have just used the prior rule 7-3-116 ङेराम्नद्याम्नीभ्यः since “अदिति” has the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा in this case?
7-3-117 इदुद्भ्याम् is अपवाद-सूत्रम् to 7-3-118 औत् .
The सूत्रम् 7-3-116 ङेराम्नद्याम्नीभ्यः is for an अङ्गम् ending in नदी-सञ्ज्ञा or आप् or the term “नी” and 7-3-118 औत् is for an अङ्गम् ending in short इ or short उ.
When 7-3-116 ङेराम्नद्याम्नीभ्यः and 7-3-118 औत् simultaneously come for application (as in our case), 7-3-118 will get precedence over 7-3-116 by 1-4-2 विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम्. 7-3-118 will give the undesired form अदित्यौ . This is the reason why the सूत्रम् 7-3-117 इदुद्भ्याम् is required as an अपवाद: to 7-3-118 औत् . By the सूत्रम् 7-3-117 इदुद्भ्याम् , the affix ङि, following a term having the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा and ending in short इ or short उ, gets आम् as its replacement. (7-3-117 has both the requisites covered).
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4. Why didn’t 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् apply after step 3?
By 1-4-2 विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् , 7-3-112 आण्नद्याः takes precedence over 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट्, since it is a later rule in the अष्टाध्यायी .
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5. Why didn’t 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् apply after step 6?
As explained above, 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् was rejected (after step 3) when there was a विप्रतिषेध: (conflict) with 7-3-112 आण्नद्याः . Now the same सूत्रम् 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् wants to come again and apply in the same situation (after step 6 we again have अदिति + आम्) . It is not allowed to do so by the परिभाषा – “विप्रतिषेधे यद् बाधितं तद् बाधितमेव” -which means that when one rule loses in a conflict, it cannot again try to come back and apply in the same situation. This is the reason why, in our case, 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् doesn’t get a second chance.
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6. From where does the अनु्वृत्ति: of “वृद्धि:” come in to the सूत्रम् 6-1-90 आटश्च ?
6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि
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7. Where does the word “आस्थाय” come in the गीता ?
Chapter 7 – verse 20
कामैस्तैस्तैर्हृतज्ञानाः प्रपद्यन्तेऽन्यदेवताः |
तं तं नियममास्थाय प्रकृत्या नियताः स्वया ||
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8. Why didn’t 6-1-77 इको यणचि apply in step 3 itself?
By 1-4-2 विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् , 7-3-112 आण्नद्याः takes precedence over 6-1-77 इको यणचि (as well as 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट्)
Thank you
lalitha.