Today we will look at the form सहभर्तृकाः fNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.84.46.
तन्महिष्यश्च मुदिता निष्ककण्ठ्यः सुवाससः । दीक्षाशालामुपाजग्मुरालिप्ता वस्तुपाणयः ।। १०-८४-४५ ।।
नेदुर्मृदङ्गपटहशङ्खभेर्यानकादयः । ननृतुर्नटनर्तक्यस्तुष्टुवुः सूतमागधाः । जगुः सुकण्ठ्यो गन्धर्व्यः सङ्गीतं सहभर्तृकाः ।। १०-८४-४६ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
आलिप्ताः कुङ्कुमादिभिः । वस्तुपाणयो गृहीतार्हणहस्ताः ।। ४५ ।।
Gita Press translation – The consorts of Vasudeva too adorned themselves with gold necklaces and besmeared their bodies with sandal-paste and, clad in their best attire, joyously entered the sacrificial hall with offerings in their hands (45). Clay tom-toms, tabors, conchs, drums, kettledrums and other musical instruments were sounded (at the time); dancers, both male and female danced; bards and panegyrists uttered praises; Gandharva women with their husbands sang beautiful songs (46).
(1) भर्तृभि: सह (जगुर्गन्धर्व्यः) = सहभर्तृकाः (जगुर्गन्धर्व्यः) – With their spouses (the Gandharva women sang).
Note: The third case affix used in भर्तृभि: is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने।
(2) सह + भर्तृ भिस् । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे – The indeclinable सह when it denotes ‘equal connection (with an action)’ optionally compounds with a पदम् ending in a third case affix to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् the term सह gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सह ends in the nominative case. And hence as per 2-2-30 the term सह is placed in the prior position in the compound.
Note: ‘सह + भर्तृ भिस्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) सह + भर्तृ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(4) सह + भर्तृ / स + भर्तृ । By 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य – When it is a part of a बहुव्रीहि: compound the indeclinable सह is optionally replaced by ‘स’।
= सहभर्तृ / सभर्तृ ।
(5) सहभर्तृ कप् । By 5-4-153 नद्यृतश्च – Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound whose final member either has the designation नदी or ends in the letter ‘ऋ’ the तद्धित: affix कप् is prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.
(6) सहभर्तृक । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, गन्धर्व्यः is being qualified. Hence we form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सहभर्तृका’ by adding the feminine affix टाप्।
(7) सहभर्तृक + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप् – The प्रातिपदिकानि ‘अज’ etc. and प्रातिपदिकानि ending in the letter ‘अ’ get the टाप् affix in the feminine gender.
(8) सहभर्तृक + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(9) सहभर्तृका । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।
(10) सहभर्तृका + जस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(11) सहभर्तृका + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘जस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(12) सहभर्तृकास् । 6-1-102 प्रथमयो: पूर्वसवर्ण: – When a अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)
(13) सहभर्तृकाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. What is the विग्रह: of the compound वस्तुपाणयः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वस्तुपाणि’, स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?
2. In which word in the verses does the सूत्रम् 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च find application?
3. What type of compound is सुवाससः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुवासस्’, स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) as used in the verses?
i. प्रादि-तत्पुरुष:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. गति-तत्पुरुष:
iv. बहुव्रीहि:
4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ई’ in the form सङ्गीतम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सङ्गीत’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The gods rejoiced seeing (having seen) Rāvaṇa executed by Śrī Rāma.” Paraphrase to “The gods rejoiced seeing (having seen) Rāvaṇa’s execution – whose doer was Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘that (execution) which has Śrī Rāma as the doer’ = ‘श्रीराम: कर्ता यस्य स: (वध:)’। Use the verbal root √हृष् (हृषँ तुष्टौ ४.१४२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to rejoice.’
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Along with his mothers, Bharata went to Citrakūṭa to meet (see) Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘along with his mothers (Bharata went)’ = ‘मातृभि: सह (जगाम भरत:)’।
Easy questions:
1. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि been used?
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form नेदु:?
1. What is the विग्रह: of the compound वस्तुपाणयः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वस्तुपाणि’, स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?
Answer: The लौकिक-विग्रह: of the compound वस्तुपाणयः is –
वस्तूनि पाण्योर्यासां ताः = वस्तुपाणयः – those (women) who have offerings in their hands
The अलौकिक-विग्रह: is –
वस्तु जस् + पाणि ओस् ।
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वस्तुपाणि’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दण्डपाणि’ as shown in the following post –
https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/11/30/दण्डपाणिम्-mas
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, वस्तुपाणयः is qualifying the feminine noun तन्महिष्यः। Hence the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वस्तुपाणि’ is used in the feminine here. Declines like मति-शब्द:। प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् is वस्तुपाणयः।
2. In which word in the verses does the सूत्रम् 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च find application?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च finds application in the form मुदिताः (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मुदिता’, प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √मुद् (मुदँ हर्षे १. १६).
मुद् + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा। Note: The affix ‘क्त’ has been used कर्तरि (to denote the agent of the action) here as per 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च – When following one of the verbal roots listed below, the affix ‘क्त’ may be used in the active voice (कर्तरि) as well as in the passive voice (भावकर्मणो:) –
(i) any verbal root used in the sense of motion (गत्यर्थ:)
(ii) any verbal root used intransitively (अकर्मक:)
(iii) the verbal roots √श्लिष् (श्लिषँ आलिङ्गने ४. ८३), √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने २. २६), √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७), √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११), √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०), √जन्(जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४), √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५) and √जॄ (जॄष् वयोहानौ ४. २५)।
= मुद् + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= मुद् + इट् त । By 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः, 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ।
= मुदित । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च from applying.
‘मुदित’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
Note: मुदिताः is an adjective qualifying the feminine noun तन्महिष्यः। Hence we have to add the appropriate feminine affix (स्त्रीप्रत्यय:) to the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मुदित’।
मुदित + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्।
= मुदित + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= मुदिता । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
3. What type of compound is सुवाससः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुवासस्’, स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) as used in the verses?
i. प्रादि-तत्पुरुष:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. गति-तत्पुरुष:
iv. बहुव्रीहि:
Answer: The compound सुवाससः as used in the verses is a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
सु (शोभनानि) वासांसि यासां ताः = सुवाससः – those (women) whose attire is good
सु + वासस् जस् । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
The adjective ‘सु’ (meaning ‘शोभन’) is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
Note: ‘सु + वासस् जस्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= सु + वासस् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= सुवासस् ।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, सुवाससः is qualifying the feminine noun तन्महिष्यः। Hence the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुवासस्’ is used in the feminine here. प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् is सुवाससः।
4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ई’ in the form सङ्गीतम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सङ्गीत’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-66 घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि prescribes the substitution ‘ई’ in the form सङ्गीतम् – derived from the verbal root √गा (गै शब्दे १. १०६५) along with the उपसर्गः ’सम्’।
In the form सङ्गीतम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सङ्गीत’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) the affix ‘क्त’ has been used भावे।
गा + क्त । By 6-1-45 आदेच उपदेशेऽशिति, 3-3-114 नपुंसके भावे क्तः। Note: The affix ‘क्त’ gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः। This allows 6-4-66 to apply below.
= गा + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् stops 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
= गी + त । By 6-4-66 घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि – The letter ‘आ’ of the verbal roots having the घु-सञ्ज्ञा and the verbal roots √मा [मेङ् प्रणिदाने १. १११६, मा माने २. ५७, माङ् माने शब्दे च ३. ७, माङ् माने ४. ३७], √स्था [ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७], √गा [गै शब्दे १. १०६५, गाङ् गतौ १. ११०१, गा स्तुतौ ३. २६ as well as the गा-आदेश: done in place of इण् गतौ २. ४० and इक् स्मरणे (नित्यमधिपूर्वः) २. ४१, as well as the गाङ्-आदेश: in the place of इङ् अध्ययने (नित्यमधिपूर्वः) २. ४२], √पा [पा पाने १. १०७४], √हा [ओँहाक् त्यागे ३. ९] and √सो [षो अन्तकर्मणि ४. ४२] gets the letter ‘ई’ as replacement, when followed by a हलादि: (beginning with a consonant) आर्धधातुकम् affix which is a कित् (has the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) or a ङित् (has the letter ‘ङ्’ as a इत्)।
= गीत । ‘गीत’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
‘गीत’ is compounded with the उपसर्गः ‘सम्’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
सम् + गीत = संगीत । By 8-3-23 मोऽनुस्वारः।
= संगीत/सङ्गीत । By 8-4-59 वा पदान्तस्य।
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The gods rejoiced seeing (having seen) Rāvaṇa executed by Śrī Rāma.” Paraphrase to “The gods rejoiced seeing (having seen) Rāvaṇa’s execution – whose doer was Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘that (execution) which has Śrī Rāma as the doer’ = ‘श्रीराम: कर्ता यस्य स: (वध:)’। Use the verbal root √हृष् (हृषँ तुष्टौ ४.१४२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to rejoice.’
Answer: देवाः श्रीरामकर्तृकम् रावणवधम् दृष्ट्वा प्रजहृषुः = देवाः श्रीरामकर्तृकं रावणवधं दृष्ट्वा प्रजहृषुः।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Along with his mothers, Bharata went to Citrakūṭa to meet (see) Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘along with his mothers (Bharata went)’ = ‘मातृभि: सह (जगाम भरत:)’।
Easy questions: सहमातृकः/समातृकः भरतः श्रीरामम् द्रष्टुम् चित्रकूटम् जगाम = सहमातृको/समातृको भरतः श्रीरामं द्रष्टुं चित्रकूटं जगाम।
1. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि been used?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि has been used in the form उपाजग्मुः – derived from the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७).
Please refer to the answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form जग्मुः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/21/भवितारः-3ap-लुँट्/#comment-3331
‘उप’ and ‘आङ्’ are the उपसर्गौ (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
उप + आङ् + जग्मुः = उप + आ + जग्मुः। अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= उपाजग्मुः । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form नेदु:?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form नेदुः|
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form नेदुः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/16/नेदुः-3ap-लिँट्