Today we will look at the form अतीत्य ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.15.27.

तस्मिन्नतीत्य मुनयः षडसज्जमानाः कक्षाः समानवयसावथ सप्तमायाम् । देवावचक्षत गृहीतगदौ परार्ध्यकेयूरकुण्डलकिरीटविटङ्कवेषौ ।। ३-१५-२७ ।।
मत्तद्विरेफवनमालिकया निवीतौ विन्यस्तयासितचतुष्टयबाहुमध्ये । वक्त्रं भ्रुवा कुटिलया स्फुटनिर्गमाभ्यां रक्तेक्षणेन च मनाग्रभसं दधानौ ।। ३-१५-२८ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तस्मिन्वैकुण्ठे षट् कक्षाः प्राकारद्वाराणि । असज्जमानाः भगवद्दर्शनोत्कण्ठया तत्तदद्भुतदर्शन आसक्तिमकुर्वाणाः । द्वारपालौ देवावपश्यन् । समानं वयो ययोः । गृहीते गदे याभ्याम् । परार्ध्यैः केयूरादिभिर्विटङ्कः सुन्दरो वेषो ययोः ।। २७ ।। तावेव वर्णयति । मत्ता द्विरेफा यस्यां तया वनमालया निवीतौ कण्ठलम्बिन्या अलंकृतौ । असिता नीलाश्चतुष्टये चतुःसंख्याका बाहवस्तेषां मध्ये विन्यस्तया । वक्त्रं च मनाग्रभसं किंचित्क्षुब्धं दधानौ । स्फुटावुत्फुल्लौ निर्गमौ श्वासमार्गौ नासापुटे ताभ्याम् ।। २८ ।।

Translation – Having passed through six entrances to the Lord’s residence without feeling attached to anything, the sages saw at the seventh gate two shining beings of the same age, armed with a mace and adorned with most valuable armlets, ear-rings and diadems (27). With a garland of sylvan flowers, which attracted to it a swarm of intoxicated bees, placed round their neck and between their four swarthy arms, they wore a countenance which looked somewhat agitated from their arched eyebrows, distended nostrils and reddish eyes (28).

अतीत्य is derived from the verbal root √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘अति’।

(1) इ + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्‍त्‍वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same.
Note: Here the common agent of the actions अतीत्य (having passed) and अचक्षत (saw) is मुनयः (the sages.) The earlier of the two actions is the action ‘having passed’ which is denoted by √इ and hence √इ takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.

(2) अति इ + क्त्वा । ‘इ + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘अति’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।

(3) अति + इ + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्‍ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्)। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)

(4) अति + इ + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.

(5) अती + य । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः। Since the affix ‘य’ is no longer preceded by a short vowel, 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् would not apply here. But now 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः intervenes and says that when it comes to a possible addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’, the single substitute ‘ई’ (in place of ‘इ + इ’) is to be treated as if it has not occurred. Thus 6-1-71 still sees अति + इ + य and the addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’ does take place.

Note: The entire meaning of the सूत्रम् 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः is – When the substitution ‘ष्’ or the augment ‘तुँक्’ is to be performed, a single replacement (in place of the preceding and following letter) is treated as if it has not occurred.

(6) अती तुँक् + य । By 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् – When followed by a कृत् affix which is a पित् (has the letter ‘प्’ as a इत्), a short vowel takes the augment ‘तुँक्’। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the augment ‘तुँक्’ joins after the short vowel ‘इ’।

(7) अतीत्य । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

‘अतीत्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।

(8) अतीत्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(9) अतीत्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. Where has अतीत्य been used in Chapter Fourteen of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः (used in step 5) the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी says – कोऽसिञ्चत्। इह षत्वं न। Please explain.

3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution शानच् (in place of लँट्) in दधानौ?

4. Can you spot the affix ‘णिनिँ’ in the commentary?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-94 स्त्रियां क्तिन् been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having overcome (gone beyond) many obstacles Śrī Hanumān reached Laṅkā.” Use the verbal root √आप् (आपॢँ व्याप्तौ ५. १६) with the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to reach.’ Use the affix ‘क’ prescribed by the वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-58 ग्रहवृदृनिश्चिगमश्च) घञर्थे कविधानम् with the verbal root √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः #२. २) to create a प्रातिपदिकम् for ‘obstacle.’ (विहन्यन्तेऽस्मिन्)।

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-5 आत्मनेपदेष्वनतः been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘उवँङ्’ in भ्रुवा?