Today we will look at the form दुर्योधनाय mDs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.86.3.

दुर्योधनाय रामस्तां दास्यतीति न चापरे । तल्लिप्सुः स यतिर्भूत्वा त्रिदण्डी द्वारकामगात् ।। १०-८६-३ ।।
तत्र वै वार्षितान्मासानवात्सीत्स्वार्थसाधकः । पौरैः सभाजितोऽभीक्ष्णं रामेणाजानता च सः ।। १०-८६-४ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
कथमशृणोत् – दुर्योधनायेति । अपरे वसुदेवादयो न दास्यन्तीति । तल्लिप्सुस्तस्या मातुलेय्या लिप्सुः । रामं वञ्चयितुं पूज्यतमं त्रिदण्डिवेषं विधाय गत इत्याह – स यतिरिति ।। ३ ।। स्वार्थसाधकः कन्यां प्रेप्सुः ।। ४ ।।

Gita Press translation – He further learnt that Balarāma would give her away to Duryodhana, but not others. Eager to win her he went to Dwārakā disguised as a recluse bearing a triple staff (symbolic of renunciation) (3). There Arjuṇa spent the four months of the monsoon intent upon accomplishing his object. He was every now and then honored by the citizens as well as by Balarāma, who could not identify him (4).

दु:खेन युध्यत इति दुर्योधन: ।

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दुर्योधन’ is derived from the verbal root √युध् (युधँ सम्प्रहारे ४. ६९) in composition with ‘दुर्‘/’दुस्’।
Note: √युध् (युधँ सम्प्रहारे ४. ६९) is normally an intransitive verbal root, but it has been treated as being transitive (‘to fight against’) here.

(1) दुर्/दुस् + युध् + युच् । By वार्तिकम् (under 3-3-130 अन्येभ्योऽपि दृश्यते) भाषायां शासियुधिदृशिधृषिमृषिभ्यो युज्वक्तव्यः – In the classical language, the affix युच् is used following any one of the verbal roots listed below when in composition with either ‘ईषत्’ or ‘दुर्’/’दुस्’ or ‘सु’ used in the sense of ‘difficulty’ or ‘ease’ –
(i) √शास् (शासुँ अनुशिष्टौ २. ७०)
(ii) √युध् (युधँ सम्प्रहारे ४. ६९)
(iii) √दृश् (दृशिँर् प्रेक्षणे १. ११४३)
(iv) √धृष् (ञिधृषाँ प्रागल्भ्ये ५. २५)
(v) √मृष् (मृषँ तितिक्षायाम् ४. ६०)
Note: खलोऽपवाद: । The affix ‘युच्’ prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to the affix ‘खल्’ prescribed by 3-3-126.
Note: The term ईषद्दुःसुषु (which comes as अनुवृत्ति: in to the वार्तिकम् from 3-3-126 ईषद्दुःसुषु कृच्छ्राकृच्छ्रार्थेषु खल्) ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence ‘दुर्’/’दुस्’ gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌।

(2) दुर्/दुस् + युध् + यु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) दुर्/दुस् + युध् + अन । By 7-1-1 युवोरनाकौ – The affixes ‘यु’ and ‘वु’ are substituted respectively by ‘अन’ and ‘अक’। The entire प्रत्ययः is replaced as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।

(4) दुर्/दुस् + योधन । By 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च – When a अङ्गम् is followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्ययः, then its इक्-letter takes the  गुण: substitution in the following two cases:
i) The अङ्गम् ends in a ‘पुक्’-आगमः।
or
ii) The penultimate letter of the अङ्गम् has the लघु-सञ्ज्ञा।

Now we form the compound between ‘दुर्’/’दुस्’ (which is the उपपदम्) and ‘योधन’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्। Note: Here ‘दुर्’/’दुस्’ is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम्। In the compound, ‘दुर्/दुस्’ is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌।

‘दुर्/दुस् योधन’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) दुर्योधन । By 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः। अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

The विवक्षा here is पुंलिङ्गे चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्।

(6) दुर्योधन + ङे । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।

(7) दुर्योधन + य । By 7-1-13 ङेर्यः – Following a प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affix ‘ङे’ (चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्) is replaced by ‘य’।

(8) दुर्योधनाय । By 7-3-102 सुपि च – The ending letter ‘अ’ of a प्रातिपदिकम् is elongated if it is followed by a सुँप् affix beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:।

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दुर्योधन’ been used in (Chapter One of) the गीता?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-49 सः स्यार्धधातुके been used in the verses?

3. Which कृत् affix is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘साधक’ (used as part of the compound स्वार्थसाधकः in the verses)?

4. From which verbal root is अगात् derived?

5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the अभ्यास-लोप: in the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘लिप्सु’ (used as part of the compound तल्लिप्सुः in the verses)?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Arjuna did not want to kill Duryodhana and his brothers in the war.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has लृँट् been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘शृ’ in अशृणोत् (used in the commentary)?