Today we will look at the form न्यायेन mIs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 6.12.30.

सर्वमेतन्महाराज कृतमप्रतिमं तव । विधीयते सहास्माभिरादावेवास्य कर्मणः ।। ६-१२-२९ ।।
न्यायेन राजकार्याणि यः करोति दशानन । न स संतप्यते पश्चान्निश्चितार्थमतिर्नृपः ।। ६-१२-३० ।।
अनुपायेन कर्माणि विपरीतानि यानि च । क्रियमाणानि दुष्यन्ति हवींष्यप्रयतेष्विव ।। ६-१२-३१ ।।
यः पश्चात् पूर्वकार्याणि कर्माण्यभिचिकीर्षति । पूर्वं चापरकार्याणि स न वेद नयानयौ ।। ६-१२-३२ ।।

Gita Press translation – All this doing (of yours), O great king, is unworthy of you. Deliberation ought to have been held with us at the very beginning of this act (29). A monarch who discharges his kingly duties with justice, his mind having determined his purpose (in consultation with his counselors), does not (have to) repent O Rāvaṇa! (30) Actions which are undertaken without recourse to fair means and run counter to the principles of righteousness beget sin even as oblations used in impure sacrifices (undertaken for malevolent purposes) (31). He who seeks to perform at a later date duties requiring to be performed earlier and those which ought to be performed later at an early date does not know right and wrong (32).

नियन्त्यनेनेति (नियन्ति अनेन इति) न्याय:।

The पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘न्याय’ is derived from the verbal root √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘नि’।

(1) नि इ + घञ् । By 3-3-122 अध्यायन्यायोद्यावसंहाराश्च – ‘अध्याय’, ‘न्याय’, ‘उद्याव’ and ‘संहार’ are given as ready-made proper nouns ending in the affix ‘घञ्’ to denote in the masculine gender the instrument or the locus of the action.
Note: In the काशिका this सूत्रम् is stated as 3-3-122 अध्यायन्यायोद्यावसंहाराधारावायाश्च।

See question 2.

(2) नि इ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) नि ऐ + अ । By 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति – A vowel ending अङ्गम् gets a वृद्धिः substitute, when followed by an affix that has the letter ‘ञ्’ or ‘ण्’ as a marker.

(4) नि आय् + अ । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।

(5) न् य् आय । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि।

= न्याय ।

‘न्याय’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: घञबन्त: (लिङ्गानुशासनम् २.२) – A प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the affix ‘घञ्’ or ‘अप्’ is used in the masculine gender.

The विवक्षा is तृतीया-एकवचनम्।

(6) न्याय + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) न्याय + इन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 7-1-12 टाङसिँङसामिनात्स्या: – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’।

(8) न्यायेन । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘न्याय’ been used (as part of a compound) in Chapter Sixteen of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-3-122 अध्यायन्यायोद्यावसंहाराश्च (used in step 1) the काशिका says – ‘पुंसि संज्ञायां-‘ घे प्राप्ते घञ् विधीयते। Please explain.

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः been used in the verses?

4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कार्य’ (used in the compounds राजकार्याणि, पूर्वकार्याणि and अपरकार्याणि in the verses)?

5. Can you spot the substitution ‘रिङ्’ in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Whatever wealth I have has all been earned by me justly (with justice.)” Use a sixth case affix to express the meaning of ‘have.’ Use a combination of the pronouns ‘यद्’ and ‘किम्’ (+ the indeclinable ‘चित्’) to express the meaning of ‘whatever.’ Use the verbal root √अर्ज् (अर्जँ [अर्जने] १.२५६) for ‘to earn.’

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘यक्’ in the form संतप्यते?

2. Can you spot the affix ‘उ’ in the verses?