Today we will look at the form आत्मजः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.23.33.
दशलक्षसहस्राणि पुत्राणां तास्वजीजनत् । तेषां तु षट्प्रधानानां पृथुश्रवस आत्मजः ।। ९-२३-३३ ।।
धर्मो नामोशना तस्य हयमेधशतस्य याट् । तत्सुतो रुचकस्तस्य पञ्चासन्नात्मजाः शृणु ।। ९-२३-३४ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
पृथुश्रवाः पृथुकीर्तिः पृथुयशा इत्यादयः षट् प्रधानाः श्रेष्ठा येषां तेषां मध्ये ।। ३३ ।। पञ्च आत्मजा आसंस्तान् शृणु ।। ३४ ।।
Gita Press translation – Through his ten thousand wives that exceedingly renowned emperor begot a thousand million sons (a lakh through each). Of those (thousand million) sons, of whom six (viz., Pṛthuśravā and others) were the foremost. The son of Pṛthuśravā was Dharma by name, whose son was Uśanā, who performed a hundred horse-sacrifices. His son was Rucaka, who had five sons. (Please) hear of them (33-34).
आत्मनो जातः = आत्मजः (पुत्रः)।
“ज” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४).
The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “आत्मज” is derived as follows:
(1) आत्मन् + ङसिँ + जन् + ड । By the 3-2-98 पञ्चम्यामजातौ – When in composition with a पदम् which ends in the fifth (ablative) case, the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४) may take the the affix “ड” provided the verbal root is used to denote an action in the past tense and the उपपदम् does not denote a class/genus.
Note: In the सूत्रम् 3-2-98, the term पञ्चम्याम् ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence “आत्मन् + ङसिँ” gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्।
(2) आत्मन् + ङसिँ + जन् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) आत्मन् + ङसिँ + ज् + अ । By 6-4-143 टेः – When the अङ्गम् has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, then its टि portion (ref: 1-1-64 अचोऽन्त्यादि टि) takes लोप: when followed by an affix that has the letter ‘ड्’ as an indicatory letter. Note: The अङ्गम् does not have the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here. But still टि-लोप: is done because otherwise no purpose would be served by having the letter ‘ड्’ as a इत् in the affix ‘ड’। डित्वसामर्थ्यादभस्यापि टेर्लोपः।
= आत्मन् + ङसिँ + ज ।
Now we form a compound between “आत्मन् + ङसिँ” (which is the उपपदम्) and “ज” by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “आत्मन् + ङसिँ”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “ज”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.
In the compound, “आत्मन् + ङसिँ” is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here “आत्मन् + ङसिँ” is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case “उपपदम्”) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation “उपसर्जन”।
“आत्मन् + ङसिँ + ज” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।
(4) आत्मन् + ज । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्। ‘आत्मन्’ now has the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-7 नलोप: प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य to apply in the next step.
(5) आत्मज । By 8-2-7 नलोप: प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य – The ending नकार: of a पदम् is dropped when the पदम् also has the designation प्रातिपदिकम्।
The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
(6) आत्मज + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) आत्मज + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(8) आत्मजः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. In Chapter Four of the गीता can you spot a उपपद-समास: in which 3-2-98 पञ्चम्यामजातौ as well as 8-2-7 नलोप: प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य has been used (as in this example)?
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-98 पञ्चम्यामजातौ, the काशिका says अजाताविति किम्? हस्तिनो जातः। Please explain.
3. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution ‘शृ’ in the form शृणु?
4. Can you spot an affix चङ् in the verses?
5. In which word in the verses has लँङ् been used?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There were many mind-born sons of (Lord) Brahmā.” Use a उपपद-समास: for ‘mind-born’ (मनसो जात:) as well as ‘son.’
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-52 आमि सर्वनाम्नः सुट् been used in the verses?
2. From which प्रातिपदिकम् is उशना (प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) derived?
(i) ‘उशना’ (ii) ‘उशन’ (iii) ‘उशनस्’ (iv) ‘उशनन्’
1. In Chapter Four of the गीता can you spot a उपपद-समास: in which 3-2-98 पञ्चम्यामजातौ as well as 8-2-7 नलोप: प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य has been used (as in this example)?
Answer: 3-2-98 पञ्चम्यामजातौ as well as 8-2-7 नलोप: प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य has been used in the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कर्मज’ of the form कर्मजा।
काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः |
क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा || 4-12||
कर्मणो जाता = कर्मजा (सिद्धि:) ।
The derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कर्मज’ is similar to the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आत्मज’ as shown in the post.
The feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कर्मजा’ is derived as follows –
कर्मज + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्।
= कर्मज + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= कर्मजा । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
कर्मजा + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
= कर्मजा + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= कर्मजा । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात् सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल्।
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-98 पञ्चम्यामजातौ, the काशिका says अजाताविति किम्? हस्तिनो जातः। Please explain.
Answer: By 3-2-98 पञ्चम्यामजातौ – When in composition with a पदम् which ends in the fifth (ablative) case, the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४) may take the the affix “ड” provided the verbal root is used to denote an action in the past tense and the उपपदम् does not denote a class/genus. But in हस्तिनो जातः, the उपपदम् ‘हस्तिन्’ denotes the genus ‘elephant’ and therefore the सूत्रम् 3-2-98 is not applicable even though all other conditions have been satisfied. Hence using the form ‘हस्तिज’ is not allowed. One has to use the sentence हस्तिनो जातः to indicate something (masculine) born from an elephant.
3. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution ‘शृ’ in the form शृणु?
Answer: The substitution ‘शृ’ in the form शृणु is by the सूत्रम् 3-1-74 श्रुवः शृ च – The श्नु-प्रत्ययः is placed after the verbal root √श्रु (श्रु श्रवणे १. १०९२), when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. Simultaneously, “श्रु” takes the substitution “शृ”।
Please see the answer to question 4 in the following comment for the derivation of शृणु – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/07/06/जिगीषसि-2as-लँट्/#comment-3968
4. Can you spot an affix चङ् in the verses?
Answer: The affix चङ् is used in the form अजीजनत् derived from √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४).
Please refer to the following post for the derivation of अजीजनत् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/05/16/अजीजनत्-3as-लुँङ्/
5. In which word in the verses has लँङ् been used?
Answer: लँङ् has been used in the form आसन् derived from the धातुः √अस् (असँ भुवि २. ६०).
Please see the answer to question 2 in the following comment for the derivation of आसन् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/07/24/जुगुप्सया-fis/#comment-4076
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There were many mind-born sons of (Lord) Brahmā.” Use a उपपद-समास: for ‘mind-born’ (मनसो जात:) as well as ‘son.’
Answer: ब्रह्मणः बहवः मनोजाः आत्मजाः बभूवुः = ब्रह्मणो बहवो मनोजा आत्मजा बभूवुः।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-52 आमि सर्वनाम्नः सुट् been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-52 आमि सर्वनाम्नः सुट् has been used in the form तेषाम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तद्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-बहुवचनम्)।
Please see the answer to easy question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of तेषाम् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/14/भवितास्मि-1as-लुँट्/#comment-3293
2. From which प्रातिपदिकम् is उशना (प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) derived?
(i) ‘उशना’ (ii) ‘उशन’ (iii) ‘उशनस्’ (iv) ‘उशनन्’
The प्रातिपदिकम् is (iii) ‘उशनस्’।
Please refer to the following post for the derivation of उशना – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/02/22/उशना-mns/