Today we will look at the form कीर्णानाम् mGp from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 2.119.4.

रमेयं कथया ते तु दृढं मधुरभाषिणि । रविरस्तं गतः श्रीमानुपोह्य रजनीं शिवाम् ।। २-११९-३ ।।
दिवसं प्रति कीर्णानामाहारार्थं पतत्रिणाम् । सन्ध्याकाले निलीनानां निद्रार्थं श्रूयते ध्वनिः ।। २-११९-४ ।।

Gita Press translation – I would have been delighted much to hear (more of) your story, O sweet-speaking lady ! Ushering in the charming night, the glorious sun has, however, sunk below horizon (3). The noise is being heard of birds scattered about during the daytime in search of food and roosted (in their nests) at eventide for sleep (4).

The प्रातिपदिकम् “कीर्ण” is derived from the verbal root √कॄ (कॄ विक्षेपे ६. १४५).

(1) कॄ + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा – The affix “निष्ठा” (ref.1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा) may be used following a verbal root when denoting an action in the past tense. Note: The affix ‘क्त’ has been used कर्तरि (to denote the agent) here as per 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च – When following one of the verbal roots listed below, the affix “क्त” may be used in the active voice (कर्तरि) as well as in the passive voice (भावकर्मणो:) –
(i) any verbal root used in the sense of motion (गत्यर्थ:)
(ii) any verbal root used intransitively (अकर्मक:)
(iii) the verbal roots √श्लिष् (श्लिषँ आलिङ्गने ४. ८३), √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने २. २६), √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७), √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११), √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०), √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४), √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५) and √जॄ (जॄष् वयोहानौ ४. २५)।
Note: The verbal roots listed in (iii) are intransitive. But when used with a उपसर्ग: they may become transitive. In that case they would not be covered by (ii). This is the reason for listing them separately in (iii).

(2) कॄ + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-11 श्र्युकः क्किति – An affix which is either a गित् (has गकार: as a इत्) or कित् (has ककार: as a इत्) does not take the augment इट् when following the verbal root √श्रि (श्रिञ् सेवायाम् १. १०४४) or any verbal root which ends in a उक् letter. 7-2-11 श्र्युकः क्किति prevents the affix ‘त’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः। The affix “क्त” is a कित्। Hence 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.

(3) किर् + त । By 7-1-100 ॠत इद्धातोः – The ending ॠकारः of a verbal root that has the अङ्ग-सञ्ज्ञा is substituted by इकारः। By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a “रँ” (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.

(4) किर् + न । By 8-2-42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः – A नकार: is the replacement in place of a तकार: of a निष्ठा affix (ref. 1-1-26) which immediately follows a रेफ: or a दकार: and also in place of a दकार: which immediately precedes a निष्ठा affix.
Thus there are two cases:
(i) The तकार: of a निष्ठा affix is immediately following a रेफ:। In this case the तकार: is replaced by a नकार:।
(ii) The तकार: of a निष्ठा affix is immediately following a दकार:। In this case the तकार: (of the निष्ठा affix) as well as the दकार: (of the धातु:) is replaced by a नकार:।

(5) कीर् + न । By 8-2-77 हलि च – The penultimate (उपधा) इक् letter of a verbal root ending in a वकारः or रेफः is made दीर्घः, when followed by a हल् (consonant.)

(6) कीर्ण । By 8-4-1 रषाभ्यां नो णः समानपदे, when a नकारः follows a रेफः or a षकारः in a single पदम्, it gets णकारः as a replacement.

“कीर्ण” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-बहुवचनम्।

(7) कीर्ण + आम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending मकारः of “आम्” from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(8) कीर्ण + नुँट् आम् । By 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट्, the affix “आम्” takes the augment नुँट् when it follows a प्रातिपदिकम् which either ends in a short vowel or has the नदी-संज्ञा or ends in the feminine affix “आप्”। By the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the ‘नुँट्’-आगम: joins at the beginning of “आम्”।

(9) कीर्ण + नाम् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(10) कीर्णानाम् । By 6-4-3 नामि – The ending vowel of an अङ्गम् gets elongated if followed by the term “नाम्”।

Questions:

1. In the first twenty-five verses of Chapter Two of the गीता can you spot a प्रातिपदिकम् in which 8-2-42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः as well as 8-2-77 हलि च has been used (as in this example)?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 8-2-42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः the काशिका says – निष्ठेति किम्? कर्ता। Please explain.

3. Some manuscripts of the रामायणम् have ‘रमेऽहं कथया’ (while others have ‘रमेय कथया’) instead of ‘रमेयं कथया’। What could be the reason for this?

4. Can you spot the affix ‘णिनिँ’ in the verses?

5. Where has 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Collect all these scattered jewels.” Use the verbal root √चि (चिञ् चयने ५. ५) for ‘to collect.’

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the affix ‘यक्’ in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for the augment ‘नुँम्’ in the form ‘श्रीमान्’ (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘श्रीमत्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)। Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘श्रीमत्’ ends in the affix ‘मतुँप्’।