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दिनाधिपतये mDs

Today we will look at the form दिनाधिपतये from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्

नमः पूर्वाय गिरये पश्चिमायाद्रये नमः ।
ज्योतिर्गणानां पतये दिनाधिपतये नमः ।। ६-१०५-१६ ।।

Gita Press translation "Hail to (you in the form of ) the eastern mountain and hail to you to the western mountain. Hail to the lord of hosts of luminaries, the lord of the day. "

‘दिनाधिपति’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च. The विवक्षा here is चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दिनाधिपति’.

(1) दिनाधिपति + ङे । By 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव ‘पति’ gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा only when it occurs in a compound.

(2) दिनाधिपते + ङे । गुणादेशः by 7-3-111 घेर्ङिति. When a ङित् सुँप् affix follows, then an अङ्गम् having the घि-संज्ञा takes the गुण: substitution.

(3) दिनाधिपते + ए । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः.

(4) दिनाधिपतये । अयादेशः to the एकारः by 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः

Questions:

1. What kind of सूत्रम् is 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव –
a) अपवाद: – Exception to another rule
b) अतिदेश: – Extension of another rule
c) विधि: – A rule which prescribes an operation
d) नियम: – A rule which restricts another rule

2. In the verse, we also have the word पतये which is not part of a compound. How can this form be justified using the rules of पाणिनि: ?

3. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् used in this verse?

4. The सूत्रम् 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः is part of which अधिकार:?

5. Please do पदच्छेद: of “समास एव” and mention the relevant rules.

6. Which two words in the verse translate to “mountain” ?

7. Which परिभाषा-सूत्रम् did we use to decide to do the गुणादेश: only for the ending इकार: of the अङ्गम् in step 2?

8. Of the 21 सुँप्-प्रत्यया: how many are ङित् ?


3 Comments

  1. Namaste Satish Mahodaya

    Answers to the Questions:

    1. What kind of सूत्रम् is 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव –
    a) अपवाद: – Exception to another rule
    b) अतिदेश: – Extension of another rule
    c) विधि: – A rule which prescribes an operation
    d) नियम: – A rule which restricts another rule

    1-4-8 पतिः समास एव is a नियमसूत्रम्. The term ‘पति’ would have got घि-सञ्ज्ञा (by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि) whether it is in a समासः or not. But, 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव restricts (नियम:) the घि-सञ्ज्ञा to only those places where ‘पति’ is in a समासः.
    —————————————————
    2. In the verse, we also have the word पतये which is not part of a compound. How can this form be justified using the rules of पाणिनि: ?

    – By the next सूत्रम् 1-4-9 षष्ठीयुक्तश्छन्दसि वा, supported by the saying (उक्ति:) छन्दोवत् कवयः कुर्वन्ति , we could assign घि-सञ्ज्ञा to the पति-शब्दः associated with a सुबन्त-पदम् in षष्ठी विभक्तिः .
    – Or taking “ज्योतिर्गणानां पतये” as a समास: and then using 6-3-14 तत्पुरुषे कृति बहुलम् , to justify the ‘absence of elision’ (अलुक्) of the षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, we could allow the use of 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव .
    By using either one of the above, ‘पति’ gets घि-संज्ञा and becomes पतये (चतुर्थी-एकवचनम् like हरये) here.

    We have to be ready for such usages where the सूत्रम् 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव is not honored. As is the norm in this language, we can use logic like above only to justify शिष्ट-प्रयोगा: (usages of scholars). We should avoid composing such forms on our own. We should try to follow the rules of पाणिनि: as closely as possible.

    —————————————————
    3. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् used in this verse?

    In forming the पदम् ” गणानाम्” , the सूत्रम् 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् is used .
    गणानाम् -> ‘गण‘; अकारान्त-पुंलिङ्ग-शब्दः ; अत्र षष्ठी-बहुवचनम्
    By 4-1-2 we get गण + आम्
    By 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् , it becomes गण + [ नुँट् + आम् ]
    अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः गण+[न् + आम्]
    By 6-4-3 नामि , it becomes गणा + नाम्
    Finally we get गणानाम्
    ————————————————–
    4. The सूत्रम् 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः is part of which अधिकार:?
    6-1-72 संहितायाम् is the अधिकारसूत्रम् ।

    —————————————————
    5. Please do पदच्छेद: of “समास एव” and mention the relevant rules.
    समासे + एव = समास् + ए + एव
    By 6-1-78 it becomes समास् + अय् + एव = समासय् + एव
    समासे is a पदम् ( सप्तमी-एकवचनम् of ‘समास’ ). So in समासय् , य् is at the end of a पदम् ।
    So by 8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य , य् gets elided.
    So the output is समास एव |

    —————————————————
    6. Which two words in the verse translate to “mountain” ?
    गिरिः, अद्रिः
    —————————————————
    7. Which परिभाषा-सूत्रम् did we use to decide to do the गुणादेश: only for the ending इकार: of the अङ्गम् in step 2?
    1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य is used to decide to do the गुणादेश: only for the ending इकार: of the अङ्गम् |
    —————————————————
    8. Of the 21 सुँप्-प्रत्यया: how many are ङित् ?
    ङे ( चतुर्थी-एकवचनम् )
    ङसि ( पञ्चमी-एकवचनम् )
    ङस् ( षष्ठी-एकवचनम् )
    ङि ( सप्तमी-एकवचनम् )

    dhanyavaadaH
    lalitha

  2. Namaste Satish Mahodaya,

    5. Please do पदच्छेद: of “समास एव” and mention the relevant rules.

    समासे + एव
    समस्+अय् +एव (6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः)
    समास एव (8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य)

    6. Which two words in the verse translate to “mountain” ?

    गिरये, अद्रये

    धन्यवादः
    कल्याणी

  3. Questions:
    1. What kind of सूत्रम् is 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव –
    a) अपवाद: – Exception to another rule
    b) अतिदेश: – Extension of another rule
    c) विधि: – A rule which prescribes an operation
    d) नियम: – A rule which restricts another rule
    1-4-8 पतिः समास एव is a – (d) नियम-सूत्रम् . By 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि , the प्रातिपदिकम् “पति” would have had the घि-सञ्ज्ञा regardless of whether it is in a समास: (compound) or not. Now this सूत्रम् 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव limits that घि-सञ्ज्ञा to only those situations where “पति” is in a समास: . That is why it is a नियम-सूत्रम् .

    3. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् used in this verse?

    गणानाम्
    षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् — गण + आम्
    गण + नुँट् आम् (7-1-54 ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुट् , 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ)
    गण + नाम् (1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् ,1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः)
    गणानाम् (6-4-3 नामि)

    4. The सूत्रम् 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः is part of which अधिकार:?

    It is a part of “6-1-72 संहितायाम्” अधिकारः. This अधिकारः runs from 6-1-72 through 6-1-158 अनुदात्तं पदमेकवर्जम्‌.

    5. Please do पदच्छेद: of “समास एव” and mention the relevant rules.
    समासे एव
    समास् अय् + एव (6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः)
    समास + एव (8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य )

    6. Which two words in the verse translate to “mountain” ?
    (1) गिरये (2) अद्रये

    7. Which परिभाषा-सूत्रम् did we use to decide to do the गुणादेश: only for the ending इकार: of the अङ्गम् in step 2?
    1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य – परिभाषा-सूत्रम्

    8. Of the 21 सुँप्-प्रत्यया: how many are ङित् ?
    Four: ङे, ङसिँ, ङस् , ङि

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