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सखायः mNp

Today we will look at the form सखायः from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 4-29-6

सखाय इन्द्रियगणा ज्ञानं कर्म च यत्कृतम् ।
सख्यस्तद्वृत्तयः प्राणः पञ्चवृत्तिर्यथोरगः ।। ४-२९-६ ।।

Gita Press translation " The (ten) Indriyas (the five senses of perception and the five organs of action), which bring about (all) knowledge and action, are the male companions (of Puranjani); their activities are her female companions and the vital air with its fivefold activity is referred to as a (five-hooded) serpent."

सखि gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् “सखि”.

(1) सखि + जस् । जस् gets सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य . By 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ , when following the word सखि that has the designation अङ्गम्, the non-vocative affixes that have the designation सर्वनामस्थानम् behave as if they have णकारः as an इत् letter.

(2) सखि + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः.

(3) सखै + अस् । By 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति , the ending vowel of the अङ्गम् gets a वृद्धिः substitute, when followed by a प्रत्ययः that has ञकारः or a णकारः as an इत् letter.

(4) सखायस् । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः, ‘आय्’ comes as an आदेशः for ‘ऐ’.

(5) सखायः । Applying रुँत्व-विसर्गौ 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः.

Questions:

1. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “णित्” come into the सूत्रम् 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ ?

2. Why wasn’t the सूत्रम् 6-1-87 आद्गुणः applied to do the सन्धि: between सखाय इन्द्रियगणा: ?

3. There is a word in this verse that is declined like नदी-शब्द: – which one is it?

4. Where is the सूत्रम् 6-1-87 आद्गुणः used in this verse?

5. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “सखि” used in the गीता (chapter 11)?

6. In the absence of 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ , which सूत्रम् would have applied to give which (undesired) form?

7. Which word in the verse translates to “serpent”?

8. After step 2, why did 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति apply instead of 7-3-109 जसि च, even though 7-3-109 is a later rule (परम् कार्यम्) compared to 7-2-115?


3 Comments

  1. Namaste Satish Mahodaya:

    1. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “णित्” come into the सूत्रम् 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ ?

    Answer: अनुवृत्तिः of “णित्” comes from 7-1-90 गोतो णित्‌
    ——————————————————
    3. There is a word in this verse that is declined like नदी-शब्द: – which one is it?

    सखी -> नदीवत्
    सख्यः -> It is सखी-शब्दः , ईकारान्त-स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् , अत्र प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्
    ——————————————————
    4. Where is the सूत्रम् 6-1-87 आद्गुणः used in this verse?

    यथोरगः = यथा + उरगः ( 6-1-87 आद्गुणः )
    ——————————————————
    5. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “सखि” used in the गीता (chapter 11)?

    Chapter 11 – verse 44
    तस्मात् प्रणम्य प्रणिधाय कायम्
    प्रसादये त्वामहमीशमीड्यम् ।
    पितेव पुत्रस्य सखेसख्युः
    प्रियः प्रियायार्हसि देव सोढुम् ॥ 11-44 ||

    सखेव = सखा + इव (6-1-87 आद्गुणः) . सखा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्
    सख्युः is षष्ठी-एकवचनम्
    ——————————————————
    6. In the absence of 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ , which सूत्रम् would have applied to give which (undesired) form?

    If 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ was not there, then सखि + जस्
    then by 7-3-109 जसि च, गुणः is substituted for इ. सखे + अस्
    then by 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः सखयस्
    then by 8-2-66 and 8-3-15, we would get the undesired form सखयः
    ——————————————————
    7. Which word in the verse translates to “serpent”?

    उरगः means serpent.

    dhanyavaadaH
    lalitha

  2. Respected Satishji,
    I have posted answers to the last three excercises. Doing these excercises is helping me a lot in understanding the sutras and their applications.
    Thanks
    Kumud

    Questions:
    1. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “णित्” come into the सूत्रम् 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ ?
    From 7-1-90 गोतो णित्.

    2. Why wasn’t the सूत्रम् 6-1-87 आद्गुणः applied to do the सन्धि: between सखाय इन्द्रियगणा: ?

    The पदच्छेदः is सखायः , इन्द्रियगणा: and following सन्धि-कार्यम् has been applied
    सखायस् + इन्द्रियगणा: = सखायरुँ + इन्द्रियगणा: (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुँ)
    = सखायर् + इन्द्रियगणा: (1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः )
    = सखायय् + इन्द्रियगणा: (8-3-17 भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य योऽशि)
    = सखाय इन्द्रियगणा: (8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य)
    Due to the rule 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्, this dropping of the letter य् which happens in the त्रिपादी section of the अष्टाध्यायी is not seen by the rule 6-1-87 आद्गुणः which is in the सपादसप्ताध्यायी section. Hence 6-1-87 आद्गुणः does not apply.

    4. Where is the सूत्रम् 6-1-87 आद्गुणः used in this verse?

    यथा + उरगः = यथोरगः

    5. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “सखि” used in the गीता (chapter 11)?

    verse 41 chapter 11
    सखेति मत्वा प्रसभं यदुक्तं हे कृष्ण हे यादव हे सखेति |
    अजानता महिमानं तवेदं मया प्रमादात्प्रणयेन वापि || 11-41||
    The पदच्छेदः for the first occurrence सखेति is सखा , इति ( 6-1-87 आद्गुणः) Here सखा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्
    The पदच्छेदः for the second occurrence is सखे , इति. The सन्धि-कार्यम् here is
    सखे + इति = सखय् + इति (6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः) = सख इति (8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य)
    But now further सन्धि-कार्यम् has been done between सख and इति by 6-1-87 आद्गुणः to give सखेति. We see that 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम् has not been honored. Very rarely this happens to preserve the meter.

    7. Which word in the verse translates to “serpent”?

    उरगः

    8. After step 2, why did 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति apply instead of 7-3-109 जसि च, even though 7-3-109 is a later rule (परम् कार्यम्) compared to 7-2-115?

    If we apply 7-3-109 जसि च we will get सखे + अस् . After this 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति can still apply (because the ending एकार: of “सखे” is an अच्) to make it सखै + अस्
    On the other hand, once we apply 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति and get सखै + अस् then we cannot apply 7-3-109 जसि च (because it requires an अङ्गम् ending in a ह्रस्व:)

    So 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति is a नित्य-कार्यम् compared to 7-3-109 जसि च . A नित्य-कार्यम् carries greater force than a पर-कार्यम् . Hence 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति applies.

  3. 1. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “णित्” come into the सूत्रम् 7-1-92 सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ ?
    – From the सुत्रम् 7-1-90 गोतो णित्.

    3. There is a word in this verse that is declined like नदी-शब्द: – which one is it?
    The word that is declined like नदी is ‘सखी’. सख्यः is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् of ‘सखी’.

    4. Where is the सूत्रम् 6-1-87 आद्गुणः used in this verse?
    In यथोरगः – यथा उरगः – यथ् + आ + उ + रगः – यथोरगः.

    5. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “सखि” used in the गीता (chapter 11)?
    सखेति मत्वा प्रसभं यदुक्तं हे कृष्ण हे यादव हे सखेति । अजानता महिमानं तदेवं मया प्रमादात्प्रणयेन वापि ।। 11.41।।

    7. Which word in the verse translates to “serpent”?
    The word उरगः.

    Satishji, Thanks again for your help and guidance.

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