1. Commenting on the वार्तिकम् ‘अभितःपरितःसमयानिकषाहाप्रतियोगेऽपि’ the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – समयानिकषाशब्दौ सामीप्यवचनावव्ययौ। Please explain.
Answer: The words समया and निकषा occurring in the above वार्तिकम् are indeclinables (अव्ययौ) used in the meaning of ‘nearness’ (सामीप्यम्)।

2. Can you spot the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) in the verses?
Answer: The substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) occurs in the form वियोज्य – derived from the causative form of the verbal root √युज् (युजिँर् योगे ७. ७) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘वि’।

युज् + णिच् । By 3-1-26 हेतुमति च।
= युज् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= योज् + इ । By 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च।
= योजि । ‘योजि’ gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।

योजि + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
Note: Here the common agent of the actions वियोज्य (having torn away) and शान्तिं जगाम (felt at ease) is राजा (who has not been explicitly mentioned in the verse.) The earlier of the two actions is the action of having tore away which is denoted by ‘योजि’ and hence ‘योजि’ takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.

वि योजि + क्त्वा । ‘योजि + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘वि’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
= वि योजि + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
= वि योजि + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: Since the affix ‘य’ begins with the letter ‘य्’ (which does not belong to the प्रत्याहार: ‘वल्’) it cannot take the augment ‘इट्’ prescribed the सूत्रम् 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः। This allows 6-4-51 to apply in the next step.
= वि योज्य । By 6-4-51 णेरनिटि।
‘वियोज्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।

3. In which sense has the affix ‘क्त’ been used in the form जीवितम् in the commentary?
i) कर्तरि
ii) कर्मणि
iii) भावे
iv) करणे

Answer: In the form जीवितम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जीवित’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) the affix ‘क्त’ has been used भावे। Hence it has the same meaning here as जीवनम्।

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जीवित’ is derived from the verbal root √जीव् (जीवँ प्राणधारणे १. ६४३) as follows:
जीव् + क्त । By 3-3-114 नपुंसके भावे क्तः – The affix ‘क्त’ may be used following a verbal root to denote in the neuter gender the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state, without restriction to the time frame (past, present or future.)
= जीव् + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= जीव् + इट् त । By 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः, 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ।
= जीव् इ त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= जीवित ।
‘जीवित’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘अय्’ in विरहय्य (used in the commentary?)
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-56 ल्यपि लघुपूर्वात्‌ prescribes the substitution ‘अय्’ in विरहय्य – derived from the causative form of the verbal root √रह (रह त्यागे १०.३९६) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘वि’।

रह + णिच् । By 3-1-25 सत्यापपाशरूपवीणातूलश्लोकसेनालोमत्वचवर्मवर्णचूर्णचुरादिभ्यो णिच्। The affix ‘णिच्’ gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः। This allows the application of the सूत्रम् 6-4-48 अतो लोपः in the next step.
= रह् + णिच् । By 6-4-48 अतो लोपः। Note: As per 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः, the affix ‘णिच्’ would do a वृद्धि: substitution in place of the letter ‘अ’ of the अङ्गम् ‘रह्’। But this does not happen because as per 1-1-57 अचः परस्मिन् पूर्वविधौ, the लोप: done by 6-4-48 has स्थानिवद्-भाव: (it behaves like the item it replaced – the letter ‘अ’) when it comes to an operation (वृद्धि:) that would be performed to the left of it. Hence as far as 7-2-116 is concerned, the उपधा of the अङ्गम् is the letter ‘ह्’ and hence it cannot apply.
= रह् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= रहि । ‘रहि’ gets the धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।

रहि + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
Note: Here the common agent of the actions विरहय्य (having torn away) and शान्तिं जगाम (felt at ease) is राजा (who has not been explicitly mentioned in the verse.) The earlier of the two actions is the action of having tore away which is denoted by ‘रहि’ and hence ‘रहि’ takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.
= वि रहि + क्त्वा । ‘रहि + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘वि’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
= वि रहि + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
= वि रहि + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वि रहय् + य । By 6-4-56 ल्यपि लघुपूर्वात्‌ – The affix ‘णि’ is substituted by ‘अय्’ when the following two conditions are satisfied –
(i) ‘णि’ is preceded by a letter (‘ह्’ in this case) which itself is preceded by a vowel (‘अ’ in this case) having the designation ‘लघु’ (ref. 1-4-10 ह्रस्वं लघु) and
(ii) ‘णि’ is followed by the affix ‘ल्यप्’।

‘विरहय्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My house is near the temple.”
Answer: मम गृहम् मन्दिरम् निकषा/समया वर्तते = मम गृहं मन्दिरं निकषा/समया वर्तते ।

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Śrī Hanumān saw ogresses standing all around Sītā.”
Answer: श्रीहनुमान् सीताम् परितः तिष्ठन्तीः राक्षसीः ददर्श = श्रीहनुमान् सीतां परितस्तिष्ठन्ती राक्षसीर्ददर्श ।

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः has been used in the verses in the form जगाम। As per 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः – In a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the कवर्गः or the letter ‘ह्’ is replaced by a letter of the चवर्गः । The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

Please refer to the answer to question 5 in the following comment for derivation of जगाम – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/05/प्रेषयामास-3as-लिँट्/#comment-3232

2. Can you spot the affix ‘शप्’ in the commentary?
Answer: The affix ‘शप्’ occurs in the commentary in the form वर्षति – √वृष् (वृषुँ सेचने हिंसासङ्क्लेशनयोश्च १. ८०३).

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
वृष् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= वृष् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वृष् + तिप् । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्।
= वृष् + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वृष् + शप् + ति । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप् – The affix ‘शप्’ is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुकम् affix that is used signifying the agent.
= वृष् + अ + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वर्ष् + अ + ति । By 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च, 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः।
= वर्षति ।