Today we will look at the form दत्तम् nNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 8.22.16.
प्रह्राद उवाच
त्वयैव दत्तं पदमैन्द्रमूर्जितं हृतं तदेवाद्य तथैव शोभनम् । मन्ये महानस्य कृतो ह्यनुग्रहो विभ्रंशितो यच्छ्रिय आत्ममोहनात् ।। ८-२२-१६ ।।
यया हि विद्वानपि मुह्यते यतस्तत्को विचष्टे गतिमात्मनो यथा । तस्मै नमस्ते जगदीश्वराय वै नारायणायाखिललोकसाक्षिणे ।। ८-२२-१७ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
त्वयैवेति । नह्यैन्द्रं पदमेतदीयं त्वयाऽपहृतं किंतु स्वीयमेव पुनः स्वीकृतं तच्च शोभनमेव कृतम् । तत्र हेतुः – मन्य इति । यद्यस्माच्छ्रीरेव यदात्ममोहनं तस्माद्विभ्रंशितः ।। १६ ।। मोहनत्वमेवाह – यया श्रिया विद्वानपि यतः संयतोऽपि मुह्यति तत्तस्यां सत्यां कोऽन्यः पुमानात्मनो गतिं तत्त्वं यथावद्विचष्टे पश्यति । तस्मै महाकारुणिकाय ।। १७ ।।
Gita Press translation – It was by You alone that this exalted position of Indira (the lord of paradise) was conferred (on him as a reward for the Viśwajit sacrifice performed by him to propitiate You) and it has likewise been taken away by You today. (In other words You have only accepted what was Yours). I consider that alone (which You have been pleased to do) to be good (for him). Indeed a great favour has been done to him in that he has been deprived of (his) fortune, which is (so) instrumental in infatuating the soul (16). Who can truly perceive the essential nature of his self despite such wealth, under the influence of which even a learned and self-controlled man falls a prey to delusion. Hail to that Lord in You, the Lord who has His abode in water, the undisputed Ruler of the universe and the Witness of all the worlds (17).
The प्रातिपदिकम् “दत्त” is derived from the verbal root √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०).
(1) दा + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा – The affix “निष्ठा” (ref.1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा) may be used following a verbal root when denoting an action in the past tense. Note: The affix ‘क्त’ has been used कर्मणि (to denote the object) here as per 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः – The affixes having the designation “कृत्य”, the affix “क्त” and the affixes that have the sense of “खल्” (ref: 3-3-126) are only used to denote the action (भावः) or the object (कर्म)।
(2) दा + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् prevents the affix ‘त’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
(3) दथ् + त । By 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः – The term ‘दथ्’ is substituted in place of the (entire) verbal root √दा which has the घु-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप्), when followed by an affix which is कित् (has ककार: as a इत्) and begins with a तकार:। As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य the entire term “दा” is replaced by “दथ्”।
(4) दत्त । By 8-4-55 खरि च – A झल् letter is replaced by a चर् letter when a खर् letter follows.
“दत्त” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।
The विवक्षा is नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
(5) दत्त + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(6) दत्त + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes “सुँ” and “अम्” that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel “अ” take “अम्” as their replacement. 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending मकारः of “अम्” from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।
(7) दत्तम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix “अम्” there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.
Questions:
1. In the last verse of which chapter of the गीता has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दत्त’ been used?
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः (used in step 3), the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – घो: किम्? दात:। Please explain. Hint: दात: is derived from the verbal root √दा (दाप् लवने २. ५४).
3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः (used in step 3), the काशिका says – द इति किम्? धीत:। Please explain. Hint: धीत: is derived from the verbal root √धे (धेट् पाने १. १०५०).
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च been used in the verses?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Who gave you this book?” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with ‘you.’
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This book was given to me by my teacher.” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with ‘me.’
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ been used in the commentary?
2. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘इदम्’ been used in the verses?
1. In the last verse of which chapter of the गीता has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दत्त’ been used?
Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दत्त’ has been used in the form दत्तम् in the following verse:
अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् ।
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ।। 17-28 ।।
Derivation of the form दत्तम् is as given in the post.
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः (used in step 3), the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – घो: किम्? दात:। Please explain. Hint: दात: is derived from the verbal root √दा (दाप् लवने २. ५४).
Answer:As per 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः – The term ‘दथ्’ is substituted in place of the (entire) verbal root √दा which has the घु-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप्), when followed by an affix which is कित् (has ककार: as a इत्) and begins with a तकार:।
As per 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप् – The verbal roots having the form “दा” or “धा”, except √दाप् (लवने २. ५४) and √दैप् (शोधने १. १०७३), get the घु-सञ्ज्ञा। Hence √दा (दाप् लवने २. ५४) does not have the घु-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः does not apply in deriving the form दात:।
दा + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा, 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः।
= दा + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् prevents the affix ‘त’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
= दात । “दात” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः (used in step 3), the काशिका says – द इति किम्? धीत:। Please explain. Hint: धीत: is derived from the verbal root √धे (धेट् पाने १. १०५०).
Answer: As per the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः, the replacement ‘दथ्’ comes only in place of verbal roots that have the form ‘दा’ and possess the घुसंज्ञा। The question raised by काशिका is why has पाणिनि: specified दः in the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः? The reason is – to prevent the undesired application of 7-4-46 in forms such as धीत:। The derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘धीत’ from the verbal root √धे (धेट् पाने १. १०५०) is as follows –
धा + क्त । By 6-1-45 आदेच उपदेशेऽशिति, 3-2-102 निष्ठा, 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः।
= धा + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् prevents the affix ‘त’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः। Note: Even though the verbal root √धे (धेट् पाने १. १०५०) has the घुसंज्ञा (by 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप्) it does not have the form ‘दा’। Hence 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः does not apply here. If पाणिनि: had not specified दः in the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः it would have applied here also giving an undesired form.
= धीत । By 6-4-66 घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि। Note: The verbal root √धे (धेट् पाने १. १०५०) has the घु-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप् and the affix ‘क्त’ is a कित्। This allows 6-4-66 to apply.
“धीत” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च been used in the verses in the form विचष्टे derived from the verbal root √चक्ष् (चक्षिँङ् व्यक्तायां वाचि । अयं दर्शनेऽपि २. ७).
The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
चक्ष् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= चक्ष् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= चक्ष् + त । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्।
= चक्ष् + ते । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे।
= चक्ष् + शप् + ते । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्।
= चक्ष् + ते । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः।
= चक् ष् + ते = चष्ते । By 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च, the सकारः or ककारः at the beginning of a conjunct takes लोपः when the conjunct is at the end of a पदम् or followed by a झल् letter.
= चष्टे । By 8-4-41 ष्टुना ष्टुः।
“वि” is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
वि + चष्टे = विचष्टे ।
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Who gave you this book?” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with ‘you.’
Answer: क: इदम् पुस्तकम् तुभ्यम्/ते दत्तवान् = क इदं पुस्तकं तुभ्यं/ते दत्तवान् ।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This book was given to me by my teacher.” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with ‘me.’
Answer: मम गुरुणा इदम् पुस्तकम् मह्यम्/मे दत्तम् = मम गुरुणेदं पुस्तकं मह्यं/मे दत्तम्।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ been used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ has been used in the form श्रिया (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “श्री”, तृतीया-एकवचनम्)
Please see answer to question 2 in the following comment for the derivation –
http://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/07/06/ऐक्षत-3as-लँङ्/#comment-1136
2. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘इदम्’ been used in the verses?
Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘इदम्’ has been used in the form अस्य (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “इदम्”, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्।)
Please see answer to easy question 2 in the following comment for the derivation –
http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/05/22/अशकन्-3ap-लुँङ्/#comment-3754