Today we will look at the form गतः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 7.5.5.

एकदासुरराट्पुत्रमङ्कमारोप्य पाण्डव । पप्रच्छ कथ्यतां वत्स मन्यते साधु यद्भवान् ।। ७-५-४ ।।
श्रीप्रह्लाद उवाच
तत्साधु मन्येऽसुरवर्य देहिनां सदा समुद्विग्नधियामसद्ग्रहात् । हित्वात्मपातं गृहमन्धकूपं वनं गतो यद्धरिमाश्रयेत ।। ७-५-५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
हे असुरवर्य, असद्ग्रहादहंममेति मिथाभिनिवेशाद्धेतोः सम्यगुद्विग्ना विषण्णा धीर्येषां ते । वनं गतः सन्हरिमाश्रयेतेति यत्तदेवाहं साधु मन्ये । कथंभूतं गृहम् । आत्मपातमात्मनोऽधःपातनिमित्तम् । कुतः । अन्धकूपवन्मोहावहम् ।। ५ ।।

Gita Press translation – Placing his son (Prahrāda) on his lap, one day, Hiraṇyakaśipu (the ruler of the Asuras,) O Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu,) addressed him :- “Tell me, my child, what you regard as good (for you.)” (4) Prahrāda replied : For (all) embodied souls whose mind is ever disturbed with the false ideas of ‘I’ and ‘mine’, I hold this to be good, O chief of demons, that having abandoned one’s home, which degrades one’s soul, and is just like well whose mouth is hidden, one should go to the woods and take refuge in Śrī Hari.

“गत” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७) .

(1) गम् + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा – The affix “निष्ठा” (ref.1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा) may be used following a verbal root when denoting an action in the past tense. Note: The affix ‘क्त’ has been used कर्तरि (to denote the agent) here as per 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च – When following one of the verbal roots listed below, the affix “क्त” may be used in the active voice (कर्तरि) as well as in the passive voice (भावकर्मणो:) –
(i) any verbal root used in the sense of motion (गत्यर्थ:)
(ii) any verbal root used intransitively (अकर्मक:)
(iii) the verbal roots √श्लिष् (श्लिषँ आलिङ्गने ४. ८३), √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने २. २६), √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७), √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११), √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०), √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४), √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५) and √जॄ (जॄष् वयोहानौ ४. २५)।
Note: The verbal roots listed in (iii) are intransitive. But when used with a उपसर्ग: they may become transitive. In that case they would not be covered by (ii). This is the reason for listing them separately in (iii).

(2) गम् + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। The affix “क्त” is a कित्। This allows 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति to apply in the next step. Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ prevents the affix from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।

(3) ग + त । By 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति – There is an elision of the final nasal consonant of the verbal root √वन् (वनँ शब्दे १. ५३३, वनँ सम्भक्तौ १. ५३४, वनुँ च नोच्यते १. ९१५) and of the verbal roots* which have अनुदात्त-स्वरः in the धातु-पाठः as well as of the verbal roots belonging to the तनादि-गणः – when followed by a झलादि-प्रत्ययः which is a कित् or a ङित्।

Note: * सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी – “यमिरमिनमिगमिहनिमन्यतयोऽनुदात्तोपदेशाः।” The following six roots end in a nasal consonant and have a अनुदात्त-स्वरः in the धातु-पाठः।
√यम् (यमँ उपरमे १. ११३९), √रम् (रमुँ क्रीडायाम् | रमँ इति माधवः १. ९८९), √नम् (णमँ प्रह्वत्वे शब्दे च १. ११३६), √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७), √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २) and √मन् (मनँ ज्ञाने ४. ७३)।

“गत” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(4) गत + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(5) गत + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) गतः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the affix ‘क्त’ been used in the very first verse of the गीता?

2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Śrī Rama went to the forest.” Use the affix ‘क्त’ कर्तरि (in the in the sense of the agent.)

3. Translate the same sentence (given in #2) – this time use the affix ‘क्त’ कर्मणि (in the sense of the object.) Paraphrase the sentence to “The forest was gone to by Śrī Rama.”

4. Translate the same sentence (given in #2) – this time use the affix ‘क्तवतुँ’।

5. Translate the same sentence (given in #2) – this time use लिँट्।

6. Translate the same sentence (given in #2) – this time use लँट् with ‘स्म’ (ref. 3-2-118 लट् स्मे)।

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-4-62 झयो होऽन्यतरस्याम् been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot the affix ‘श्यन्’ in the verses?