Today we will look at the form प्रजाः fAp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.90.43
देवासुराहवहता दैतेया ये सुदारुणाः । ते चोत्पन्ना मनुष्येषु प्रजा दृप्ता बबाधिरे ।। १०-९०-४३ ।।
तन्निग्रहाय हरिणा प्रोक्ता देवा यदोः कुले । अवतीर्णाः कुलशतं तेषामेकाधिकं नृप ।। १०-९०-४४ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
ते चोत्पन्ना इति । प्रत्येकं बहुभी रूपैरिति ज्ञेयम् ।। ४३ ।। एवमेव यदुकुलेऽपि देवा इति । तथा चोक्तम् – ‘सहस्रशः समुद्भूता देवा यदुकुले पृथक्’ इति ।। ४४ ।।
Gita Press translation – (Parīkṣit, in days of yore) many a terrible Asura was slain in the encounter between the gods and the Asuras; they were reborn among men. These proud and arrogant Asuras (reborn as human beings) began to molest the people (43). In order to chastise and subdue them the gods under the direction of the Supreme Lord were born in the race of Yadu, O King! This race was divided into one hundred and one families (44).
प्रजातेति (प्रजाता इति) प्रजा। (ref. अमरकोश: – “प्रजा स्यात् सन्ततौ जने”)।
The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “प्रजा” is derived as follows:
(1) प्र + जन् + ड । By 3-2-99 उपसर्गे च संज्ञायाम् – When in composition with a पदम् which is a उपसर्ग: (ref. 1-4-59), the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४) may take the the affix “ड” provided the verbal root is used to denote an action in the past tense and the derived word denotes a proper name.
Note: In the सूत्रम् 3-2-99, the term उपसर्गे ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence “प्र” gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्।
(2) प्र + जन् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) प्र + ज् + अ । By 6-4-143 टेः – When the अङ्गम् has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, then its टि portion takes लोप: when followed by an affix that has डकारः as an indicatory letter.
Note: The अङ्गम् does not have the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here. But still टि-लोप: is done because otherwise no purpose would be served by having डकार: as a इत् in “ड”। डित्वसामर्थ्यादभस्यापि टेर्लोपः।
Now we form the compound between “प्र” (which is the उपपदम्) and “ज” using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “प्र”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “ज”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.
Note: Here “प्र” is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् (which prescribes the compounding) the term उपपदम् ends in the nominative case.
In the compound, “प्र” is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position.
“प्र + ज” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।
The feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “प्रजा” is derived as follows:
(4) प्रज + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप् – The प्रातिपदिकानि “अज” etc. and प्रातिपदिकानि ending in अकारः get the टाप् affix in the feminine gender.
(5) प्रज + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(6) प्रजा । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
The विवक्षा is स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्।
(7) प्रजा + शस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(8) प्रजा + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकारः of “शस्” from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।
(9) प्रजास् । By 6-1-102 प्रथमयो: पूर्वसवर्ण: – When an अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)
(10) प्रजाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रजा’ been used in Chapter Ten of the गीता?
2. Which कृत्-प्रत्यय: is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नृप’?
3. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution ‘इरे’ in the form बबाधिरे?
4. Can you spot a कृत्य-प्रत्यय: in the commentary?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Protection of the people should be the first duty of a king.”
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My maternal uncle has no progeny.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मातुल’ for ‘maternal uncle.’
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution ‘ना’ in the form हरिणा?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-14 रो रि been used in the commentary?
1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रजा’ been used in Chapter Ten of the गीता?
Answer: The स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रजा’ has been used in the form प्रजाः (प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) in the following verse –
महर्षयः सप्त पूर्वे चत्वारो मनवस्तथा |
मद्भावा मानसा जाता येषां लोक इमाः प्रजाः || 10-6||
2. Which कृत्-प्रत्यय: is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नृप’?
Answer: The affix ‘क’ prescribed by 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नृप’।
The derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नृप’ is shown in answer to question 5 in the following comment –
http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/17/निशाचरी-fns/#comment-5533
3. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution ‘इरे’ in the form बबाधिरे?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच् is used for the “इरे”-आदेश: in the form बबाधिरे derived from √बाध् (बाधृँ लोडने (विलोडने)१. ५).
The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।
बाध् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट।
= बाध् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= बाध् + झ । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्।
= बाध् + इरेच् । By 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच् – When they come in place of लिँट्, the affixes “त” and “झ” take the substitutions “एश्” and “इरेच्” respectively (ref. 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्)। Note: As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल् शित् सर्वस्य, “इरेच्” replaces the entire term “झ”।
= बाध् + इरे । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= बाध् बाध् + इरे । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य।
= बा बाध् + इरे । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः।
= ब बाध् + इरे । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः।
= बबाधिरे ।
4. Can you spot a कृत्य-प्रत्यय: in the commentary?
Answer: A कृत्य-प्रत्यय: has been used in the form ज्ञेयम् derived from √ज्ञा (ज्ञा अवबोधने ९. ४३).
Please see the answer to question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of the form ज्ञेयम् –
http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/09/10/ध्येयम्-nns/#comment-4462
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Protection of the people should be the first duty of a king.”
Answer: नृपस्य प्रथमम् कर्तव्यम् प्रजानाम् रक्षणम् भवेत् = नृपस्य प्रथमं कर्तव्यं प्रजानां रक्षणं भवेत्।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My maternal uncle has no progeny.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मातुल’ for ‘maternal uncle.’
Answer: मम मातुलस्य प्रजा न अस्ति = मम मातुलस्य प्रजा नास्ति।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution ‘ना’ in the form हरिणा?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-120 आङो नाऽस्त्रियाम् is used for the substitution “ना” in the form हरिणा (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिदिकम् “हरि”, तृतीया-एकवचनम्)।
The derivation of हरिणा is similar to that of अरिणा shown in answer to easy question 1 in the following comment –
http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/16/निशाचर-mvs/#comment-5534
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-14 रो रि been used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 8-3-14 रो रि has been used in the सन्धि-कार्यम् between बहुभिः + रूपैः = बहुभी रूपैः।
The सन्धि-कार्यम् between बहुभिः + रूपैः = बहुभी रूपैः is similar to that between हिरण्यकशिपुः + राजन् = हिरण्यकशिपू राजन् as shown in the answer to easy question 1 in the following comment – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/07/13/व्यधित्सत-3as-लँङ्/#comment-4017