Today we will look at the form उरगः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.59.7.

पाञ्चजन्यध्वनिं श्रुत्वा युगान्ताशनिभीषणम् । मुरः शयान उत्तस्थौ दैत्यः पञ्चशिरा जलात् ।। १०-५९-६ ।।
त्रिशूलमुद्यम्य सुदुर्निरीक्षणो युगान्तसूर्यानलरोचिरुल्बणः । ग्रसंस्त्रिलोकीमिव पञ्चभिर्मुखैरभ्यद्रवत्तार्क्ष्यसुतं यथोरगः ।। १०-५९-७ ।।
आविध्य शूलं तरसा गरुत्मते निरस्य वक्त्रैर्व्यनदत्स पञ्चभिः । सरोदसी सर्वदिशोऽम्बरं महानापूरयन्नण्डकटाहमावृणोत् ।। १०-५९-८ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
युगान्ताशनेर्ध्वनिवद्भीषणम् । परिखाया जलात् ।। ६ ।। ७ ।। आविध्य आतोल्य स महान्नाद इत्यन्वयः ।। ८ ।।

Gita Press translation – Hearing the blast of Pāñcajanya, terrific as the clap of thunder (heard) at the end of a Kalpa (marking the dissolution of the universe,) the five-headed demon Mura rose from under the water (of the moat), where he has been lying asleep (6). Lifting up his trident, the terrible demon, who shone like the sun and fire appearing at the end of a Kalpa and (as such) was difficult to gaze at, darted at the Lord, even as a serpent would rush at Garuḍa (son of the sage Kaśyapa), devouring as it were (all) the three worlds with his five (gaping) mouths (7). Brandishing his trident and hurling it with force at Garuḍa, the demon roared with (all) his five mouths. Filling the horizon and the atmosphere as well as the four quarters, the great roar covered the entire cosmos (8).

उरसा गच्छतीति उरग:।

“ग” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७).

The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “उरग” is derived as follows:

(1) उरस् + टा + गम् + ड । By the वार्तिकम् (under 3-2-48 अन्तात्यन्ताध्वदूरपारसर्वानन्तेषु डः) उरसो लोपश्च – The affix “ड” may be used after the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७) when in composition with “उरस्” and simultaneously there is an elision of (the final letter of) “उरस्”।

(2) उर + टा + गम् + ड । By the same वार्तिकम् (under 3-2-48 अन्तात्यन्ताध्वदूरपारसर्वानन्तेषु डः) उरसो लोपश्च । As per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य, only the ending letter (सकार:) of ‘उरस्’ takes लोपः।

(3) उर + टा + गम् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(4) उर + टा + ग् + अ । By 6-4-143 टेः – When the अङ्गम् has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, then its टि portion takes लोप: when followed by an affix that has डकारः as an indicatory letter. Note: The अङ्गम् does not have the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here. But still टि-लोप: is done because otherwise no purpose would be served by having डकार: as a इत् in “ड”। डित्वसामर्थ्यादभस्यापि टेर्लोपः।

= उर टा + ग ।

We form a compound between “उर टा” (which is the उपपदम्) and “ग” by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “उर टा”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “ग”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.

In the compound, “उर टा” is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here “उर टा” is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case “उपपदम्”) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation “उपसर्जन”।
“उर टा + ग” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

(4) उर + ग । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= उरग ।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(5) उरग + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(6) उरग + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) उरगः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the वार्तिकम् (under 3-2-48 अन्तात्यन्ताध्वदूरपारसर्वानन्तेषु डः) उरसो लोपश्च been used in Chapter Eleven of the गीता?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-61 शर्पूर्वाः खयः been used in the verses?

3. Commenting on the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भीषण’ (used in the commentary), the धातुवृत्ति: says – नन्द्यादित्वात् ण्यन्ताल्ल्यु:। Please explain.

4. Can you spot the affix ‘श्नु’ in the verses?

5. From which verbal root is the form अभ्यद्रवत् derived?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“All the serpants are afraid of Garuḍa.” Use पञ्चमी विभक्ति: with “Garuda.”

Easy questions:

1. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् apply in the form पञ्चभिः?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used to perform the operation यथा + उरगः = यथोरगः?