Today we will look at the form कर्तव्यम् nNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.19.38.

यच्छ्रोतव्यमथो जाप्यं यत्कर्तव्यं नृभिः प्रभो । स्मर्तव्यं भजनीयं वा ब्रूहि यद्वा विपर्ययम् ॥ १-१९-३८ ॥
नूनं भगवतो ब्रह्मन्गृहेषु गृहमेधिनाम् । न लक्ष्यते ह्यवस्थानमपि गोदोहनं क्वचित् ॥ १-१९-३९ ॥

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
यच्छ्रोतव्यं यज्जाप्यं यत्कर्तव्यं यत्स्मर्तव्यं यदाराध्यं तद्ब्रूहि । विपर्ययमश्रोतव्यादि ॥ ३८ ॥ तव दर्शनस्य पुनर्दुर्लभत्वादिदानीमेव कथनीयमित्याशयेनाह – नूनमिति । गोदोहनमात्रकालमपि अस्माकं भाग्यवशात्त्वद्दर्शनं जातमिति भावः ॥ ३९ ॥

Gita Press translation – Again, tell me, my lord, what should be done by men in general – what should they hear, what should they repeat (with their tongue,) what should they keep in their mind, what should they resort to and what should they avoid? (38) For, nowhere, O divine sage, are you seen to stay at the door of householders even for the brief space of time taken in milking a cow (39).

“कर्तव्य” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √कृ (तनादि-गणः, डुकृञ् करणे, धातु-पाठः # ८. १०)

The “डु” at the beginning of this धातुः gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः and the ञकारः at the end gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्। Both take लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(1) कृ + तव्यत्/तव्य । By 3-1-96 तव्यत्तव्यानीयरः – The affixes “तव्यत्”, “तव्य” and “अनीयर्” may be used after a verbal root. Note: Since the सूत्रम् 3-1-96 तव्यत्तव्यानीयरः occurs in the अधिकारः of ‘3-1-95 कृत्याः’ the affix ‘अनीयर्’ gets the designation ‘कृत्य’। And as per the सूत्रम् 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः the affix ‘अनीयर्’ is used here कर्मणि (to denote the object).

(2) कृ + तव्य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: “तव्य” gets आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः

(3) कर् + तव्य । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः – An अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows. By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः , in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a “रँ” (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.
Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ stops 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।

“कर्तव्य” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

The विवक्षा is नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(4) कर्तव्य + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(5) कर्तव्य + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes “सुँ” and “अम्” that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel “अ” take “अम्” as their replacement. 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending मकार: of “अम्” from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(6) कर्तव्यम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix “अम्” there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-1-96 तव्यत्तव्यानीयरः been used for the first time in the गीता?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-51 णेरनिटि been used in the verses?

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-51 णेरनिटि been used in the commentary?

4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“We should only do those actions which would please the Lord.” Paraphrase this to “Only those actions that would please the Lord should be done by us.” Use (a विधिलिँङ् form of) √रुच् (रुचँ दीप्तावभिप्रीतौ च १. ८४७) for “to please.” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with “the Lord.”

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“You should not sleep during the day.” Paraphrase this to “(The action of) sleeping during the day should not be done by you.” Use the अव्ययम् “दिवा” for “during the day.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I ought to always remember what you just said.” Paraphrase this to “What you just said ought to be always remembered by me.”

Easy Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-4-63 शश्छोऽटि been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for the गुणादेशः in the form (हे) प्रभो?