Today we will look at the form जिघांसति 3As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.14.11.

निरूपितः प्रजापालः स जिघांसति वै प्रजाः । तथापि सान्त्वयेमामुं नास्मांस्तत्पातकं स्पृशेत् ॥ ४-१४-११ ॥
तद्विद्वद्भिरसद्वृत्तो वेनोऽस्माभिः कृतो नृपः । सान्त्वितो यदि नो वाचं न ग्रहीष्यत्यधर्मकृत् ॥ ४-१४-१२ ॥
लोकधिक्कारसन्दग्धं दहिष्यामः स्वतेजसा ।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
निरूपितो नियुक्तोऽस्माभिः । सान्त्वयेमोपपत्तिभिः प्रार्थयिष्यामः । तस्य पातकम् ॥ ११ ॥ स्वस्य तत्पातकस्पर्शे हेतुः – तत्पातकित्वं विद्वद्भिः ॥ १२ ॥

Gita Press translation – (Vena) Wicked by his very nature, seeks to destroy the people themselves now that he has been appointed their ruler. Nevertheless let us (try to) bring him round through persuasion, so that his sin may not touch us. For Vena, who was addicted to evil ways, was made king by us even though we were aware of his sins. If, however, the unrighteous fellow does not accept our advice even when kindly addressed, we shall burn him with our spiritual fire, burnt as he already is by popular reproach.

जिघांसति is a desiderative form derived from the धातुः √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #२. २).

हन् + सन् । As per 3-1-7 धातोः कर्मणः समानकर्तृकादिच्छायां वा – In order to express wish/desire, the affix सन् is optionally prescribed after a verbal root which underlies the object of and shares the same agent with the verbal root √इष् (इषुँ इच्छायाम् ६. ७८).

= हन् + स । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ stops 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।

= हान् + स । By 6-4-16 अज्झनगमां सनि – When the affix सन् beginning with a झल् letter follows, there is an elongation of a verbal root which ends in a vowel, as well as of the verbal root √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २) and √गम् (“गम्”-आदेशः which comes in place of √इ (इङ् अध्ययने | नित्यमधिपूर्वः २. ४१) by 2-4-48 इङश्च).

= हान् स् हान् + स । By 6-1-9 सन्यङोः – There is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of a सन्नन्त-धातुः (verbal root ending in the affix “सन्”) which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

= झान् स् हान् + स । By 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the कवर्गः or हकारः is replaced by a letter of the चवर्गः । The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

= झा हान् + स । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः – Of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

= झ हान् + स । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

= झि हान् + स । By 7-4-79 सन्यतः – When the affix “सन्” follows, a अकारः belonging to a reduplicate (अभ्यासः) is replaced by a इकारः।

= झि घान् + स । By 7-3-55 अभ्यासाच्च – The हकार: of √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः #२. २) takes a कवर्गादेश: (घकार:) when it follows a अभ्यास:।

= झि घांस । By 8-3-24 नश्चापदान्तस्य झलि – नकारः and मकारः which do not occur at the end of a पदम् get अनुस्वारः as replacement when a झल् letter follows.

= जिघांस । By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the झल्-प्रत्याहारः is substituted by a letter of the चर्-प्रत्याहारः or जश्-प्रत्याहारः। The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

“जिघांस” has धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।

In the धातु-पाठः, the verbal root √हन् is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, in कर्तरि प्रयोग: √हन् takes परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. Hence the सन्नन्त-धातुः “जिघांस” also takes परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: as per 1-3-62 पूर्ववत् सनः – A सन्नन्त-धातुः (verbal root ending in the affix “सन्”) takes a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय: in the same manner as the verbal root to which the affix सन् is added.
Note: This implies that if the धातु: to which the affix सन् is added is आत्मनेपदी/परस्मैपदी/उभयपदी then the सन्नन्त-धातुः is correspondingly आत्मनेपदी/परस्मैपदी/उभयपदी।

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

(1) जिघांस + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) जिघांस + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) जिघांस + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः।

(4) जिघांस + शप् + तिप् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent.

(5) जिघांस + अ + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) जिघांसति । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे।

Questions:

1. In which Chapter of the गीता has the affix सन् been used in the first verse?

2. Can you spot the affix “णिच्” in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the verses?

3. Which सूत्रम् is used for the दीर्घादेशः in the form ग्रहीष्यति?

4. The form दहिष्यामः used in the verses is a आर्ष-प्रयोगः (an irregular form.) What would be the grammatically correct form?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Who would want to kill an innocent person?” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “निरपराध” for “innocent.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I want to destroy my internal enemies.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “अन्तःस्थ” for “internal”.

Easy Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् “अदस्” been used in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-7 नश्छव्यप्रशान् been used in the verses?