Today we will look at the form दुदुहुः 3Ap-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.18.13

इति प्रियं हितं वाक्यं भुव आदाय भूपतिः । वत्सं कृत्वा मनुं पाणावदुहत्सकलौषधीः ।। ४-१८-१२ ।।
तथा परे च सर्वत्र सारमाददते बुधाः । ततोऽन्ये च यथाकामं दुदुहुः पृथुभाविताम् ।। ४-१८-१३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
मनुं स्वायंभुवम् । ओषधीर्व्रीह्यादीः ।। १२ ।। प्रसङ्गादर्थान्तरमाह – तथेति । यथा पृथुरेवं सर्वत्र वाक्ये परेऽपि सारमाददते । प्रस्तुतमनुवर्तयति । ततोऽन्ये च ऋष्यादयः पञ्चदश दुदुहुः । पृथुना भावितां वशीकृताम् ।। १३ ।।

Gita Press translation “Accepting this agreeable and wholesome advice of goddess Earth, the Emperor made a calf of Swāyambhuva Manu and drew from her in his own hands all species of herbs and annual plants. (12) Likewise all other wise and intelligent persons too take the essence of everything and so after Pṛthu others also drew from Earth, as a cow tamed by him, the objects sought after by them. (13)”

दुदुहुः is derived from the धातुः √दुह् (दुहँ प्रपूरणे, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #२. ४)

In the धातु-पाठः, √दुह् has one इत् letter which is the अकार: following the हकार:। This इत् letter has a स्वरित-स्वर:। Therefore, as per the सूत्रम् 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, √दुह् is उभयपदी।
In this verse, it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।
See question 2.

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “झि”।

(1) दुह् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट् , the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) दुह् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) दुह् + झि । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झि” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “झि” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) दुह् + उस् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकार: of “उस्” from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(5) दुह् दुह् + उस् । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(6) दु दुह् + उस् । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

Note: “उस्” is a कित्-प्रत्यय: here as per 1-2-5 असंयोगाल्लिट् कित् – A लिँट् affix which is not a पित् – does not have पकार: as a इत् – shall be considered to be a कित् (as having ककार: as a इत्), as long as there is no संयोग: (conjunct consonant) prior to the affix. Hence 1-1-5 ग्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-86 पुगन्‍तलघूपधस्‍य च from applying.

(7) दुदुहुः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः ।

Questions:

1. The substitution “उस्” (in place of “झि”) by 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः used in step 4 of the example is used in only one word in the गीता। Which one is it?

2. What would have been the final form in this example if आत्मनेपदम् were to be used?

3. The form अदुहत् used in the verses is a (irregular) लुँङ् form derived from √दुह् (दुहँ प्रपूरणे २. ४). The विवक्षा is कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुष:, एकवचनम्। What would be the corresponding form (परस्मैपदम्) if लँङ् were to be used (instead of लुँङ्)?

4. Where has 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्‌ been used in the commentary?

5. Can you spot a “णिच्” affix in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Take the essence of what I say.” Use √वद् (वदँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ११६४) for “to say” and use a धातु:/उपसर्ग: combination from the commentary for “to take.” Use a word from the verse for “essence.” Use the appropriate forms of the pronouns “यद्” and “तद्”।

Easy questions:

1. Where has 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ been used in the verses?

2. In the verses, can you spot two words in which the “शी”-आदेश: has been used?