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भूयात् 3As-आशीर्लिँङ्

Today we will look at the form भूयात् 3As-आशीर्लिँङ् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.4.39.

ब्राह्मणातिक्रमे दोषो द्वादश्यां यदपारणे । यत्कृत्वा साधु मे भूयादधर्मो वा न मां स्पृशेत् ।। ९-४-३९ ।।
अम्भसा केवलेनाथ करिष्ये व्रतपारणम् । प्राहुरब्भक्षणं विप्रा ह्यशितं नाशितं च तत् ।। ९-४-४० ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
धर्मसंकटमेवाह – यद्यतो ब्राह्मणातिक्रमे दोषोऽधर्मःद्वादश्यामपारणेऽपि दोषो व्रतवैगुण्यम् । यत्कृत्वा यस्मिन्कृते ।। ३९ ।। एवं द्विजैः सह विचार्य निश्चिनोति – अम्भसेति । व्रतस्य पारणं समाप्तिम् । तदशितमाहुरशितं नेति चाहुः – श्रुतिश्च ‘अपोऽश्नाति तन्नैवाशितं नैवानशितम्’ इति ।। ४० ।।

Gita Press translation “(He said:) “Since there is sin in showing disrespect to a Brāhmaṇa (by inviting him to a dinner in the first instance and then taking one’s meal before feeding him) and there is (also) sin in not concluding one’s fast (for the Ekādaśī day) within (the hours of) the (following) Dwādaśī, pray, tell me a course of action consequent upon which good may betide me and sin may not touch me. (39) (Then, arriving at a conclusion in consultation with the Brāhmaṇas, he said to himself,) Since to take water – so declare the Brāhmaṇas – that is as good as taking food (for the purpose of breaking one’s fast) and at the same time it is not eating, hence I shall break my fast with water alone.”

भूयात् is derived from the धातुः √भू (भू सत्तायाम्, भ्वादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #१. १).

In the धातु-पाठः, √भू has no इत् letters. It is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, √भू takes the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √भू can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is आशीर्लिँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

(1) भू + लिँङ् (आशिषि) । 3-3-173 आशिषि लिङ्लोटौ, the affixes लिँङ् and लोँट् occur after a verbal root when used in the sense of benediction.

(2) भू + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) भू + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः।

(4) भू + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(5) भू + त् । By 3-4-100 इतश्‍च, the ending इकारः of a परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययः which came in the place of a ङित्-लकारः is elided.

(6) भू + यासुट् त् । By 3-4-103 यासुट् परस्मैपदेषूदात्तो ङिच्च, the परस्मैपदम् affixes of लिँङ् get यासुट् as an augment, and this augment is उदात्तः and a ङित्। 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ places यासुट् at the beginning of the प्रत्यय:।
By 3-4-104 किदाशिषि, the augment यासुट् (prescribed by 3-4-103) shall be considered to be a कित् (as having ककार: as a इत्) when it joins a लिँङ् affix used in the sense of benediction.

(7) भू + यास् त् । The उकार: in यासुट् is for pronunciation only (उच्चारणार्थम्)। The टकार: is an इत् by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

See questions 2, 3 and 4.

(8) भूयात् । By 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च, the सकारः or ककारः at the beginning of a conjunct takes लोपः when the conjunct is at the end of a पदम् or followed by a झल् letter.

See question 5.

Questions:

1. Where has लिँङ् (आशिषि) been used in Chapter Two of the गीता?

2. After step 7, why doesn’t the सकार: of the प्रत्यय: “यास्त्” take लोप: by 7-2-79 लिङः सलोपोऽनन्त्यस्य?

3. Why doesn’t 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ apply after step 7?

4. Why doesn’t the ending ऊकार: of the अङ्गम् “भू” take a गुणादेश: by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः after step 7?

5. In the absence of 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च which सूत्रम् would have applied in step 8?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May you (masculine) be long-lived!” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “दीर्घायुष्मत्” for “long-lived.”

Easy questions:

1. The word अप: used in the commentary is द्वितीया-बहुवचनम् of the स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “अप्”। Can you recall two सूत्रे (which we have studied) in which पाणिनि: specifically mentions the प्रातिपदिकम् “अप्”?

2. After step 8 of the example which सूत्रम् do we apply to get the form भूयाद् used in the verses?

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