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अक्ष्णा nIs

Today we will look at the form अक्ष्णा from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 1-9-35

सपदि सखिवचो निशम्य मध्ये निजपरयोर्बलयो रथं निवेश्य |
स्थितवति परसैनिकायुरक्ष्णा हृतवति पार्थसखे रतिर्ममास्तु ।। १-९-३५।।

Gita Press translation “May I develop love for the friend of Pṛthā’s son (Arjuna), who at the request of His friend immediately drove and placed his chariot in the middle of the Pāṇḍava and the Kaurava hosts and, planting Himself there, cut short the life of the hostile warriors by His very looks.”

‘अक्षि’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is तृतीया-एकवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अक्षि’.

(1) अक्षि + टा ।

(2) अक्ष् इ + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) अक्ष् अनँङ् + आ । By 7-1-75 अस्थिदधिसक्थ्यक्ष्णामनङुदात्तः , when a case affix – starting from the instrumental singular affix टा – beginning with a vowel (अच्), follows, the bases अस्थि, दधि, सक्थि and अक्षि get the अनँङ् replacement, which has the उदात्तः accent. By 1-1-53 ङिच्च only the ending इकार: of the अङ्गम् is replaced.

(4) अक्ष् अन् + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् ,1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः.

(5) अक्ष् न् + आ । By 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः , the अकारः of the अन् in the अङ्गम् is elided when a स्वादि affix which is not सर्वनामस्थानम् and which either begins with a यकारः or a vowel (अच्), follows.

(6) अक्ष्णा । The letter न् is replaced by ण् by 8-4-1 रषाभ्यां नो णः समानपदे .

Questions:

1. Why did we use 8-4-1 रषाभ्यां नो णः समानपदे instead of 8-4-2 अट्कुप्वाङ्नुम्व्यवायेऽपि in step 6?

2. 7-1-75 अस्थिदधिसक्थ्यक्ष्णामनङुदात्तः is an अपवाद: for which सूत्रम् ?

3. The अमरकोश: lists eight Sanskrit words for “eye”. अक्षि is one of them. Can you list the other seven along with their genders?
लोचनं नयनं नेत्रमीक्षणं चक्षुरक्षिणी |
दृग्दृष्टी च ।।२-६-९३।।
(इति अष्ट नेत्रस्य नामानि)

4. With the help of words used in this verse, can you construct the following sentence in Sanskrit?
“May I develop love for grammar (use the प्रातिपदिकम् “व्याकरण”)”

5. Which word in the verse translates to “in the middle”? Where does this word come in the गीता?

6. Please do पदच्छेद: of “बलयो रथम्” along with mentioning the relevant rules.

7. Which are the two words in this verse where the प्रत्यय: “ल्यप्” has been used? (ref. 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ )

8. Which सूत्रम् is used to change the तकार: to लकार: in the सूत्रम् 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः ? (अत् + लोप: = अल्लोप:)

9. We have studied one इकारान्त-प्रातिपदिकम् that takes the अनँङ्-आदेश: when सुँ-प्रत्यय: follows. Which one is that?

Easy question:

1. Which सूत्रम् is used in the last step of the following derivation to get अ + इ = ए ?
मध्य + ङि = मध्य + इ (1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः) = मध्ये

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