Today we will look at the form अस्थि from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्

उत्स्मयित्वा महाबाहुः प्रेक्ष्य चास्थि महाबलः ।
पादाङ्गुष्ठेन चिक्षेप सम्पूर्णं दशयोजनम् ।। १-१-६५ ।।

Gita Press translation “Smiling (at this) and gazing on the skeleton, the mighty-armed Rāma, who possessed extraordinary strength, hurled it with his big toe to a distance of full eighty miles. ”

‘अस्थि’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अस्थि‘.

(1) अस्थि + अम् । ‘अस्थि’ is a नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम्

(2) अस्थि । By 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌, the affixes सुँ and अम् that follow a neuter अङ्गम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: . (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले । If there is a compound formation then the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is replaced by ल्यप् as per 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ ) . Also as per the व्याख्यानम् “द्विवचनमतन्त्रम्” there may be more than two actions involved. Please identify the word ending in the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: and in the ल्यप्-प्रत्यय: in this verse. Who is the common doer and which is his later action?

2. Which word in the verse translates to “full”?

3. What is the विभक्ति: (षष्ठी-द्विवचनम् अथवा सप्तमी-द्विवचनम् ) used in “स्वमो:” in the सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ ?

4. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः used in this verse?

5. In the word पादाङ्गुष्ठेन why didn’t the नकार: change to a णकार: even though there is a षकार: prior to it in the same पदम् . Which intervening letter blocked the change?

6. One word is said to have समानाधिकरणम् with another word if both of them have the same (समानम्) locus (अधिकरणम्) – they refer to the same item. They will generally have the same gender/number/case. Generally they will be adjectives, except one which may be a noun. When the पदान्वय: (prose order) is done, they will be grouped together with the noun placed last. In this verse महाबाहु: has समानाधिकरणम् with which order word?

7. The सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ has an अपवाद: . Which one is it? This अपवाद: further has an अपवाद: . Which one is that?

8. Who has composed the वार्त्तिकानि (supplementary rules to the अष्टाध्यायी) ?
1. पाणिनि: 2. पतञ्जलि: 3. भट्टोजि-दीक्षित: 4. कात्यायन: 5. कैयट:

9. Please list the two synonyms for the word “अस्थि” as given in the अमर-कोश: [कीकसं कुल्यमस्थि च ।।२-६-६८।। – (त्रीणि “अस्थिमात्रस्य”)]

Easy questions:

1. By which सूत्रम् do we get च + अस्थि = चास्थि ?

2. By which सूत्रम् does the ending मकार: in सम्पूर्णम् become an अनुस्वार: ?