Today we will look at the form सस्त्रीकाः mNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.33.5.
ततो दुन्दुभयो नेदुर्निपेतुः पुष्पवृष्टयः । जगुर्गन्धर्वपतयः सस्त्रीकास्तद्यशोऽमलम् ।। १०-३३-५ ।।
वलयानां नूपुराणां किङ्किणीनां च योषिताम् । सप्रियाणामभूच्छब्दस्तुमुलो रासमण्डले ।। १०-३३-६ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तत्तस्य भगवतः श्रीकृष्णस्यामलं निर्मलं यशो जगुरिति ।। ५ ।। सप्रियाणां कृष्णसहितानाम् । तुमुलः संकीर्णः ।। ६ ।।
Gita Press translation – Then sounded kettle-drums (beaten by heavenly beings), showers of flowers fell, and the chiefs of Gandharvas sang His immaculate glory in chorus with their spouses (5). There arose a confused din produced by (the jingling of) bangles and anklets and (the tinkling of) tiny bells attached to the girdle of the cowherd women joined with their beloved Lord in that ring of Rāsa dancers (6).
(1) स्त्रीभि: सह (जगुर्गन्धर्वपतय:) = सस्त्रीकाः (जगुर्गन्धर्वपतय:) – With women (their spouses) (chiefs of Gandharvas sang).
Note: The third case affix used in स्त्रीभि: is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने।
(2) सह + स्त्री भिस् । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे – The indeclinable सह when it denotes ‘equal connection (with an action)’ optionally compounds with a पदम् ending in a third case affix to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम्, the term सह gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सह ends in the nominative case. And hence as per 2-2-30 the term सह is placed in the prior position in the compound.
Note: ‘सह + स्त्री भिस्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) सह + स्त्री । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(4) सह + स्त्री / स + स्त्री । By 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य – When it is a part of a बहुव्रीहि: compound the indeclinable सह is optionally replaced by ‘स’।
= सहस्त्री / सस्त्री ।
(5) सस्त्री कप् । By 5-4-153 नद्यृतश्च – Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound whose final member either has the designation नदी or ends in the letter ‘ऋ’ the तद्धित: affix कप् is prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.
(6) सस्त्रीक । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: The long vowel ‘ई’ preceding the affix ‘क’ (‘कप्’) would have been shortened by the सूत्रम् 7-4-13 केऽणः – A long vowel belonging to the प्रत्याहार: ‘अण्’ is replaced by its short counterpart when followed by the affix ‘क’।
But it is prevented from doing so by the सूत्रम् 7-4-14 न कपि – A long vowel belonging to the प्रत्याहार: ‘अण्’ is not replaced by its short counterpart when followed by the affix ‘कप्’।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, गन्धर्वपतयः is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सस्त्रीक’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।
(7) सस्त्रीक + जस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(8) सस्त्रीक + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘जस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(9) सस्त्रीकास् । 6-1-102 प्रथमयो: पूर्वसवर्ण: – When a अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)
(10) सस्त्रीकाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 5-4-153 नद्यृतश्च (used in step 5) the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – तपरत्वं स्पष्टार्थम्। Please explain.
2. Where else (besides in सस्त्रीकाः) has the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे been used in the verses?
3. Can you spot the negation particle ‘नञ्’ in the verses?
4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The gods along with their spouses came to witness (see) the coronation of Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘with (their) spouses’ = ‘स्त्रीभि: सह (आजग्मुर्देवा:)’। Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभिषेक’ for ‘coronation.’
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Lord Nārāyaṇa along with (goddess) Lakṣmī resides in Vaikuṇṭha.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘along with (goddess) Lakṣmī’ = ‘लक्ष्म्या सह (निवसति भगवान् नारायण:)’।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My brother is not married.” Paraphrase to “My brother is one whose wife does not exist.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one whose wife does not exist’ = ‘अविद्यमाना पत्नी यस्य स:’।
Easy questions:
1. In which word(s) in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि been used?
2. From which verbal root is the form जगु: derived?
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 5-4-153 नद्यृतश्च (used in step 5) the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – तपरत्वं स्पष्टार्थम्। Please explain.
Answer: In the सूत्रम् 5-4-153 नद्यृतश्च the term नद्यृतः is पञ्चमी-एकवचनम् of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’नद्यृत्’ (= ‘नदी + ऋत्’)। As per the तत्त्वबोधिनी, the purpose of the letter ‘त्’ (in ऋत्) is just for the sake of clarity. If पाणिनिः had used the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नद्यृ’ (without the letter ‘त्’), the पञ्चमी-एकवचनम् would have been नद्युः, which might have caused ambiguity in deciphering the members of the compound.
(Recall that as per the सूत्रम् 1-1-70 तपरस्तत्कालस्य, ऋत् stands for the letter ‘ऋ’ only. On the other hand, as per the सूत्रम् 1-1-69 अणुदित् सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्ययः, ‘ऋ’ stands for ऋवर्णः – the letters ‘ऋ’/’लृ’ as well as long ‘ॠ’।)
Note: There is no need of the letter ‘त्’ in the सूत्रम् 5-4-153 नद्यृतश्च to restrict (as per 1-1-70 तपरस्तत्कालस्य) the application of the सूत्रम् 5-4-153 to only those बहुव्रीहि: compounds which end in the letter ‘ऋ’ and exclude those which end in the long letter ‘ॠ’ since there are none of the latter found in usage in the language.
2. Where else (besides in सस्त्रीकाः) has the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे has also been used in the form सप्रियाणाम् (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सप्रिया’, षष्ठी-बहुवचनम्)।
प्रियेण सह (वर्तते योषित्) = सहप्रिया/सप्रिया (वर्तते योषित्) – (a woman who is) with her beloved
Note: The third case affix used in प्रियेण is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने।
सह + प्रिय टा । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे – The indeclinable सह when it denotes ‘equal connection (with an action)’ optionally compounds with a पदम् ending in a third case affix to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम्, the term सह gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सह ends in the nominative case. And hence as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् the term सह is placed in the prior position in the compound.
Note: ‘सह + प्रिय टा’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
सह + प्रिय । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
सह + प्रिय / स + प्रिय । By 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य।
= सहप्रिय / सप्रिय ।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, सप्रियाणाम् is qualifying the feminine noun योषिताम्। Hence we form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सहप्रिया / सप्रिया’ by adding the feminine affix टाप्।
सहप्रिय / सप्रिय + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्।
= सहप्रिय / सप्रिय + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= सहप्रिया / सप्रिया । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
It declines like रमा-शब्द:। षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् is सहप्रियाणाम् / सप्रियाणाम्।
3. Can you spot the negation particle ‘नञ्’ in the verses?
Answer: The negation particle ‘नञ्’ occurs in the बहुव्रीहि: compound अमलम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ’अमल’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अविद्यमानं मलं यस्य तत् = अमलम् – immaculate (that which has no dirt)
The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अविद्यमान सुँ + मल सुँ ।
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अमल’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अक्रिय’ as shown in the answer to question 1 in the following comment –
https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/11/16/अनन्तम्-mas/#comment-35719
Except that in the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अमल’, there is no need for the last step, since the सूत्रम् 1-2-48 गोस्त्रियोरुपसर्जनस्य has no application here.
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, अमलम् is qualifying the neuter noun यश:। Hence it is used in the neuter here. The compound declines like वन-शब्द:। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is अमलम्।
4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The gods along with their spouses came to witness (see) the coronation of Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘with (their) spouses’ = ‘स्त्रीभि: सह (आजग्मुर्देवा:)’। Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभिषेक’ for ‘coronation.’
Answer: सहस्त्रीकाः/सस्त्रीकाः देवाः श्रीरामस्य अभिषेकम् द्रष्टुम् आजग्मुः = सहस्त्रीका/सस्त्रीका देवाः श्रीरामस्याभिषेकं द्रष्टुमाजग्मुः।
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Lord Nārāyaṇa along with (goddess) Lakṣmī resides in Vaikuṇṭha.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘along with (goddess) Lakṣmī’ = ‘लक्ष्म्या सह (निवसति भगवान् नारायण:)’।
Answer: सहलक्ष्मीकः/सलक्ष्मीकः भगवान् नारायण: वैकुण्ठे निवसति = सहलक्ष्मीको/सलक्ष्मीको भगवान् नारायणो वैकुण्ठे निवसति।
अथवा –
सहलक्ष्मीकः/सलक्ष्मीकः भगवान् नारायण: वैकुण्ठम् अधिवसति = सहलक्ष्मीको/सलक्ष्मीको भगवान् नारायणो वैकुण्ठमधिवसति।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My brother is not married.” Paraphrase to “My brother is one whose wife does not exist.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one whose wife does not exist’ = ‘अविद्यमाना पत्नी यस्य स:’।
Answer: मम भ्राता अपत्नीकः अस्ति = मम भ्रातापत्नीकोऽस्ति।
Easy questions:
1. In which word(s) in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि been used?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि has been used in the verses in the forms नेदुः and निपेतुः|
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form नेदुः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/16/नेदुः-3ap-लिँट्
Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for the derivation of the form निपेतुः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/16/नेदुः-3ap-लिँट्/#comment-3126
2. From which verbal root is the form जगु: derived?
Answer: The form जगुः is derived from the verbal root √गै (गै शब्दे १. १०६५).
Please see the answer to question 5 in the following comment for the derivation of the form जगुः – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/18/यशस्करम्-nns/#comment-5584