Today we will look at the form व्यूढोरस्कम्  mAs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 4.17.11.

तं तथा पतितं संख्ये गतार्चिषमिवानलम् । ययातिमिव पुण्यान्ते देवलोकादिह च्युतम् ।। ४-१७-९ ।।
आदित्यमिव कालेन युगान्ते भुवि पातितम् । महेन्द्रमिव दुर्धर्षमुपेन्द्रमिव दुस्सहम् ।। ४-१७-१० ।।
महेन्द्रपुत्रं पतितं वालिनं हेममालिनम् । व्यूढोरस्कं महाबाहुं दीप्तास्यं हरिलोचनम् ।। ४-१७-११ ।।
लक्ष्मणानुचरो रामो ददर्शोपससर्प च । तं तथा पतितं संख्ये गतार्चिषमिवानलम् ।। ४-१७-१२ ।।

Gita Press translation – Śrī Rāma, followed by Lakṣmaṇa, saw the aforesaid Vālī, son of the mighty Indra – who was adorned with a chain of gold, and was distinguished by a broad chest, long arms, a radiant face and yellow eyes, nay, who was difficult to overcome as the great Indra and hard to resist as Lord Viṣṇu (descended as a younger brother of Indra in the form of the Divine Dwarf) – fallen on the field of battle as mentioned in the foregoing lines like a fire without flame and resembling King Yayāti descended on earth from the realm of gods on the exhaustion of his merits (which entitled him to an abode in heaven) and (further) looking like the sun cast down on earth by the Time-Spirit at the end of the world cycle, and proceeded towards the aforesaid hero fallen as described above like a fire without flame (9-12).

(1) व्यूढमुरो यस्य स: = व्यूढोरस्क: – He who has a broad chest.

(2) व्यूढ सुँ + उरस् सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)

(3) The adjective ‘व्यूढ सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ – In a बहुव्रीहि: compound the पदम् which ends in a seventh case affix or is an adjective takes the prior position.

Note: ‘व्यूढ सुँ + उरस् सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) व्यूढ + उरस् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) व्यूढोरस् । By 6-1-87 आद्‍गुणः ।

(6) व्यूढोरस् + कप् । By 5-4-151 उरःप्रभृतिभ्यः कप्‌ – Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound ending in one of the terms ‘उरस्’ etc the तद्धित: affix कप्‌ is prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.
Note: The उर:प्रभृतिगण: is listed as follows – उरस् । सर्पिस् । उपानह् । पुमान् । अनड्वान् । पय: । नौ: । लक्ष्मी: । दधि । मधु । शालि । अर्थान्नञ: (गणसूत्रम्)।

(7) व्यूढोरस् + क । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Now ‘व्यूढोरस्’ gets the designation पदम् as per 1-4-17 स्वादिष्वसर्वनामस्थाने।

(8) व्यूढोर: + क । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

(9) व्यूढोरस्क । By 8-3-38 सोऽपदादौ – The literal meaning of this सूत्रम् is that a विसर्ग: is replaced by the letter ‘स्’ when followed by a letter which is not at the beginning of a पदम् and belongs to either the क-वर्ग: or प-वर्ग:। The only time these conditions are satisfied is when a विसर्ग: is followed by either the affix ‘पाश’ or ‘कल्प’ or ‘क’ or ‘काम्य’। Hence this सूत्रम् effectively means that – when followed by the affix ‘पाश’ or ‘कल्प’ or ‘क’ or ‘काम्य’ a विसर्ग: is replaced by the letter ‘स्’।

The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example वाली is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘व्यूढोरस्क’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(6) व्यूढोरस्क + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(7) व्यूढोरस्कम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Commenting on the उर:प्रभृतिगण: (referred to in the सूत्रम् 5-4-151 उरःप्रभृतिभ्यः कप्‌) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – इह पुमान्‌, अनड्वान्‌, पय:, नौ, लक्षमीरित्येकवचनान्तानि पठ्यन्ते। द्विवचनबहुवचनान्तेभ्यस्तु ‘शेषाद्विभाषा (५-४-१५४)’ इति विकल्पेन कप्‌। द्विपुमान्‌। द्विपुंस्क:। Please explain.

2. Commenting on the affix कप् (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 5-4-151 उरःप्रभृतिभ्यः कप्‌) the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – तद्धितत्वात्कस्य नेत्वम्। Please explain.

3. Which other (besides व्यूढोरस्कम्) compounds used in the verses are बहुव्रीहि: compounds?

4. Where has the सौनाग-वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-18) अत्यादयः क्रान्ताद्यर्थे द्वितीयया been used in the verses?

5. Can you spot the affix ‘खल्’ in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Seeing (having seen) the broad-chested Śrī Rāma, Śūrpaṇakhā became blinded by passion.” Form a तृतीया-समास: for ‘blinded by passion’ = ‘मदेनान्धा’।

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘उवँङ्’ in the form भुवि (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भू’, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)?

2. In which two words in the verses has लिँट् been used?