Today we will look at the form जीर्णः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.13.24.

तस्यापि तव देहोऽयं कृपणस्य जिजीविषोः । परैत्यनिच्छतो जीर्णो जरया वाससी इव ।। १-१३-२४ ।।
गतस्वार्थमिमं देहं विरक्तो मुक्तबन्धनः । अविज्ञातगतिर्जह्यात्स वै धीर उदाहृतः ।। १-१३-२५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
तस्यापि तवैवं दैन्यमनुभवतोऽपि परैति क्षीयते । अत एव धीरो भवेति ।। २४ ।। किंलक्षणो धीर इत्यपेक्षायामाह । गतस्वार्थं यशोधर्मादिशून्यम् । मुक्तबन्धनस्त्यक्ताभिमानः । क्व गत इत्यविज्ञाता गतिर्यस्य । स धीरः । प्राप्तदुःखस्य स्वयं सहनेन मुक्तिप्राप्तेः ।। २५ ।।

Gita Press translation – How foolish of you that you still desire to live ! Like tattered clothes, your age-worn body will nonetheless leave you, however reluctant you may be to cast it off (24). Therefore, free from worldly attachment and shaking off all bondage, he who drops this body, which is no longer of any use to him, away from and unknown to his kith and kin, he alone is spoken of as wise (25).

The प्रातिपदिकम् “जीर्ण” is derived from the verbal root √जॄ (जॄष् वयोहानौ ४. २५).

(1) जॄ + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा – The affix “निष्ठा” (ref.1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा) may be used following a verbal root when denoting an action in the past tense. Note: The affix ‘क्त’ has been used कर्तरि (to denote the agent) here as per 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च – When following one of the verbal roots listed below, the affix “क्त” may be used in the active voice (कर्तरि) as well as in the passive voice (भावकर्मणो:) –
(i) any verbal root used in the sense of motion (गत्यर्थ:)
(ii) any verbal root used intransitively (अकर्मक:)
(iii) the verbal roots √श्लिष् (श्लिषँ आलिङ्गने ४. ८३), √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने २. २६), √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७), √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११), √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०), √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४), √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५) and √जॄ (जॄष् वयोहानौ ४. २५)।
Note: The verbal roots listed in (iii) are intransitive. But when used with a उपसर्ग: they may become transitive. In that case they would not be covered by (ii). This is the reason for listing them separately in (iii).

(2) जॄ + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-11 श्र्युकः क्किति – An affix which is either a गित् (has गकार: as a इत्) or कित् (has ककार: as a इत्) does not take the augment इट् when following the verbal root √श्रि (श्रिञ् सेवायाम् १. १०४४) or any verbal root which ends in a उक् letter. 7-2-11 श्र्युकः क्किति prevents the affix ‘त’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः। The affix “क्त” is a कित्। Hence 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.

(3) जिर् + त । By 7-1-100 ॠत इद्धातोः – The ending ॠकारः of a verbal root that has the अङ्ग-सञ्ज्ञा is substituted by इकारः। By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a “रँ” (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.

(4) जिर् + न । By 8-2-42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः – A नकार: is the replacement in place of a तकार: of a निष्ठा affix (ref. 1-1-26) which immediately follows a रेफ: or a दकार: and also in place of a दकार: which immediately precedes a निष्ठा affix.
Thus there are two cases:
(i) The तकार: of a निष्ठा affix is immediately following a रेफ:। In this case the तकार: is replaced by a नकार:।
(ii) The तकार: of a निष्ठा affix is immediately following a दकार:। In this case the तकार: (of the निष्ठा affix) as well as the दकार: (of the धातु:) is replaced by a नकार:।

(5) जीर् + न । By 8-2-77 हलि च – The penultimate (उपधा) इक् letter of a verbal root ending in a वकारः or रेफः is made दीर्घः, when followed by a हल् (consonant.)

(6) जीर्ण । By 8-4-1 रषाभ्यां नो णः समानपदे, when a नकारः follows a रेफः or a षकारः in a single पदम्, it gets णकारः as a replacement.

“जीर्ण” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(7) जीर्ण + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(8) जीर्ण + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(9) जीर्णः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः (used in step 4) been used in the first five verses of Chapter Seven of the गीता?

2. In the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी the वृत्ति: of the सूत्रम् 7-2-11 श्र्युकः क्किति states – श्रिञ एकाच उगन्ताच्च गित्कितोरिण् न । Commenting on this the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – उगन्तात्किम्? शयितः। Please explain.

3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-2-11 श्र्युकः क्किति , the काशिका says – कितीति किम्? श्रयिता। Please explain.

4. Can you spot the affix ‘सन्’ in the verses?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-89 एत्येधत्यूठ्सु been used in the verses? (We have not discussed this सूत्रम् in the class but have seen it in a prior post.)

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Why do you always wear worn out clothes?” Use √वस् (वसँ आच्छादने २. १३) for ‘to wear.’

 

Easy questions:

1. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः apply between वाससी + इव?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-105 अतो हेः been used in the commentary?