Today we will look at the form घृतपायससंयावम् nNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.21.4.
वियद्वित्तस्य ददतो लब्धं लब्धं बुभुक्षतः । निष्किञ्चनस्य धीरस्य सकुटुम्बस्य सीदतः ।। ९-२१-३ ।।
व्यतीयुरष्टचत्वारिंशदहान्यपिबतः किल । घृतपायससंयावं तोयं प्रातरुपस्थितम् ।। ९-२१-४ ।।
कृच्छ्रप्राप्तकुटुम्बस्य क्षुत्तृड्भ्यां जातवेपथोः । अतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः काले भोक्तुकामस्य चागमत् ।। ९-२१-५ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
वियद्वित्तस्य वियतो गगनादिवोद्यमं विना दैवादुपस्थितमेव वित्तं भोग्यं यस्य । यद्वा वियद्व्ययं प्राप्नुवद्वित्तं भोग्यं यस्य । तदेवाह – बुभुक्षतोऽपि सतो लब्धं लब्धं ददतः । तत्प्रपञ्चयति – निष्किंचनस्येत्यादिसार्धैः पञ्चदशभिः ।। ३ ।। अपिबतो जलपानमप्यकुर्वतः । घृतादित्रयाणां द्वन्द्वैक्यम् । तोयं च ।। ४ ।। ५ ।।
Gita Press translation – In the case of Rantideva, who subsisted on whatever was obtained without any effort and who, though feeling hungry (himself), gave away all that was got, and was thus rendered (utterly) destitute (having no provision even for the evening much less for the next day), and therefore suffering terrible hardship, along with his family – who were reduced to (great) straits – (nay), trembling due to (excessive) hunger and thirst, yet calm, passed (not less than) forty-eight days – so the tradition goes – without his taking (even) water. In the morning (of the forty-ninth day) there came to him (by chance) ghee, rice cooked in milk with sugar, Saṁyāva (a kind of porridge made of wheat flour with ghee and milk), as well as water. And when he was intending to partake of it, there arrived, at that (very) time, a newcomer in the person of a Brāhmaṇa (3-5).
(1) घृतं च पायसं च संयावश्चैषां समाहार: = घृतपायससंयावम् – (A collection of) ghee, rice cooked in milk with sugar and Saṁyāva (a kind of porridge made of wheat flour with ghee and milk.)
(2) घृत सुँ + पायस सुँ + संयाव सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।
(3) घृत सुँ + पायस सुँ + संयाव सुँ । ‘घृत’ has only two syllables while ‘पायस’ as well as ‘संयाव’ has three syllables. Therefore ‘घृत सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम् – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the term having the least number of syllables (vowels) is placed in the prior position (and the remaining terms of the compound may be placed in any order.)
Note: ‘घृत सुँ + पायस सुँ + संयाव सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) घृत + पायस + संयाव । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
= घृतपायससंयाव ।
Since the terms of this द्वन्द्व: compound denote classes (generic names) of things which are not living beings, it is always singular in number and hence always expresses a समाहार: (a group in which the individuality of the terms is subservient to the group) as per the सूत्रम् 2-4-6 जातिरप्राणिनाम् – A द्वन्द्व: compound whose terms denote classes (generic names) of things which are not living beings is always singular in number and hence always expresses a समाहार: (a group in which the individuality of the terms is subservient to the group) and not इतरेतरयोग: (a group in which the individuality of the terms is evident.)
And as per 2-4-17 स नपुंसकम् this compound is neuter in gender. It declines like वन-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
(5) घृतपायससंयाव + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(6) घृतपायससंयाव + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes ‘सुँ’ and ‘अम्’ that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel ‘अ’ take ‘अम्’ as their replacement.
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(7) घृतपायससंयावम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.
Questions:
1. Which type of compound is जातवेपथोः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जातवेपथु’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) as used in the verses?
i. द्वन्द्व:
ii. बहुव्रीहि:
iii. कर्मधारय:
iv. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
2. Which वार्तिकम् mandates the placement of the term ‘पञ्च’ in the prior position in the compound पञ्चदशभिः used in the commentary?
3. The form बुभुक्षतः used in the verses is आर्ष: (grammatically irregular.) What is the grammatically correct form?
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the repetition of the word लब्धम् in the verses?
5. In which sense has a third case affix been used in the form क्षुत्तृड्भ्याम् in the verses?
i) कर्तरि
ii) करणे
iii) हेतौ
iv) None of the above
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I like cakes and sweetmeats.” Form a द्वन्द्व: compound for ‘(a group of) cakes and sweetmeats’ = शष्कुल्यश्च मोदकाश्चैषां समाहार:।
Easy questions:
1. From which verbal root is the form व्यतीयु: derived?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-1-55 पुषादिद्युताद्यॢदितः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the verses?
1. Which type of compound is जातवेपथोः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जातवेपथु’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) as used in the verses?
i. द्वन्द्व:
ii. बहुव्रीहि:
iii. कर्मधारय:
iv. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
Answer: The compound जातवेपथोः is a बहुव्रीहि:।
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is
जातो वेपथुर्यस्मिन् सः = जातवेपथुः – one in whom trembling had arisen
The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is
= जात सुँ + वेपथु सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
Since ‘जात’ ends in a निष्ठा affix, the term ’जात सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-36 निष्ठा।
Note: ‘जात सुँ + वेपथु सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= जातवेपथु । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example जातवेपथुः is qualifying रन्तिदेवः (सः) । Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’जातवेपथु’। It declines like गुरु-शब्द:।
2. Which वार्तिकम् mandates the placement of the term ‘पञ्च’ in the prior position in the compound पञ्चदशभिः used in the commentary?
Answer: The placement of the term ‘पञ्च’ in the prior position in the compound पञ्चदशभिः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पञ्चदशन्’, पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-बहुवचनम्) is mandated by the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम्) सङ्ख्याया अल्पीयस्याः पूर्वनिपातो वक्तव्यः – In a compound the term which denotes a smaller number is placed in the prior position.
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form पञ्चदशभिः – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2016/04/04/पञ्चदशभिः-mip
3. The form बुभुक्षतः used in the verses is आर्ष: (grammatically irregular.) What is the grammatically correct form?
Answer: The grammatically correct form is बुभुक्षमाणस्य (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बुभुक्षमाण’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्)।
The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बुभुक्षमाण’ is derived from the desiderative form of the verbal root √भुज् (भुजँ पालनाभ्यवहारयोः ७. १७).
भुज् + सन् । As per 3-1-7 धातोः कर्मणः समानकर्तृकादिच्छायां वा।
= भुज् + स । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् stops 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
= भुज्स् भुज्स । By 6-1-9 सन्यङोः।
= भु भुज्स । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः।
= भु भुग् स । By 8-2-30 चोः कुः।
= भु भुग् ष । By 8-3-59 आदेशप्रत्यययो:।
= बु भुग् ष By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च।
= बुभुक्ष । By 8-4-55 खरि च।
‘बुभुक्ष’ gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।
Now we derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बुभुक्षमाण’ from the सन्नन्त-धातुः ‘बुभुक्ष’ as follows –
बुभुक्ष + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= बुभुक्ष + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= बुभुक्ष + शानच् । By 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे। As per the सूत्रम् 1-3-62 पूर्ववत् सनः – A सन्नन्त-धातुः (verbal root ending in the affix ‘सन्’) takes a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय: in the same manner as the verbal root to which the affix सन् is added. And as per 1-3-66 भुजोऽनवने – The verbal root √भुज् (भुजँ पालनाभ्यवहारयोः ७. १७) takes आत्मनेपदम् affixes except when used in the sense of protecting. In the present example, the verbal root √भुज् does not denote the sense of protecting, and hence a आत्मनेपदम् affix should be used here. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा, while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore the affix ‘शानच्’ should be used here. In the form बुभुक्षतः which occurs in the verses, the परस्मैपदम् affix ‘शतृँ’ has been used irregularly.
= बुभुक्ष + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= बुभुक्ष + शप् + आन । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्।
= बुभुक्ष + अ + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= बुभुक्ष + आन । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे।
= बुभुक्ष मुँक् + आन । By 7-2-82 आने मुक्, 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ।
= बुभुक्ष म् + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= बुभुक्षमाण । By 8-4-2 अट्कुप्वाङ्नुम्व्यवायेऽपि।
‘बुभुक्षमाण’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। In the masculine gender it declines like राम-शब्द:। षष्ठी-एकवचनम् is बुभुक्षमाणस्य।
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the repetition of the word लब्धम् in the verses?
Answer: The repetition of the word लब्धम् in the verses is justified by the सूत्रम् 8-1-4 नित्यवीप्सयोः – To express repetition of action or pervasion of a thing by a property or action, a पदम् (ref. 1-4-14) is duplicated.
In the present example, the पदम् ‘लब्धम्’ (‘was obtained’) has been duplicated to express repetition of the action of obtaining.
5. In which sense has a third case affix been used in the form क्षुत्तृड्भ्याम् in the verses?
i) कर्तरि
ii) करणे
iii) हेतौ
iv) None of the above
Answer: The third case affix in the form क्षुत्तृड्भ्याम् has been used in the sense हेतौ as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-23 हेतौ – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) which denotes a cause/reason (for a thing or quality or action.)
The use of the सूत्रम् 2-3-23 हेतौ is justified here since क्षुत्तृड्भ्याम् (due to hunger and thirst) is the cause/reason for the action of trembling expressed by the form ‘वेपथु’ which is part of the compound जातवेपथुः – (one in whom trembling had arisen.)
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I like cakes and sweetmeats.” Form a द्वन्द्व: compound for ‘(a group of) cakes and sweetmeats’ = शष्कुल्यश्च मोदकाश्चैषां समाहार:।
Answer: मोदकशष्कुलि/शष्कुलीमोदकम् मह्यम्/मे रोचते = मोदकशष्कुलि/शष्कुलीमोदकं मह्यं/मे रोचते।
Easy questions:
1. From which verbal root is the form व्यतीयु: derived?
Answer: The form व्यतीयु: is derived from the verbal root √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०).
Please refer to the following post for the derivation of the form ईयुः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/04/13/ईयुः-3ap-लिँट्/
‘वि’ and ‘अति’ are the उपसर्गौ (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
वि + अति + ईयुः
= वि + अतीयुः । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
= व्यतीयुः । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि।
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-1-55 पुषादिद्युताद्यॢदितः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-1-55 पुषादिद्युताद्यॢदितः परस्मैपदेषु has been used in the form अगमत् – derived from the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७).
Please refer to the following post for the derivation of the form अगमत् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/05/07/अन्वगमत्-3as-लुँङ्/