Today we will look at the form पितापुत्राभ्याम् mId from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 5.1.9.
तत्र ह वा एनं देवर्षिर्हंसयानेन पितरं भगवन्तं हिरण्यगर्भमुपलभमानः सहसैवोत्थायार्हणेन सह पितापुत्राभ्यामवहिताञ्जलिरुपतस्थे ।। ५-१-९ ।।
भगवानपि भारत तदुपनीतार्हणः सूक्तवाकेनातितरामुदितगुणगणावतारसुजयः प्रियव्रतमादिपुरुषस्तं सदयहासावलोक इति होवाच ।। ५-१-१० ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
हंसयानेनोपलक्षणेनैनं पितरमुपलभमानो मत्पिताऽयमिति लक्षयन् पितापुत्राभ्यां मनुप्रियव्रताभ्यां सह नारदः कृताञ्जलिः सन्सहसैवाभ्युत्थायार्हणेन पूजया सहोपतस्थे तुष्टाव । प्रियव्रतं तदा मन्दरद्रोण्यां नारद उपदिशति मनुश्च तं नेतुमागतोऽस्तीति ज्ञातव्यम् ।। ९ ।। हे भारत, भगवानादिपुरुषो ब्रह्मापि तं प्रियव्रतमिति होवाचेत्यन्वयः । तेन नारदेनोपनीतमर्हणं यस्य सः । सूक्तवाकेन यथोचितवाक्येन । अतिशयेनोदिता वर्णिता गुणगणा अवताराः सुजयाः सर्वोत्कर्षाश्च यस्य ।। १० ।।
Gita Press translation – Recognizing there from his mount, a swan, that he was no other than his father, the glorious Brahmā, Nārada (the celestial sage) quickly rose and waited upon him with articles of worship along with the father (Swāyambhuva Manu) and son (Priyavrata), his palms joined (in prayer) (9). The glorious Brahmā too, the first among embodied beings, who was offered (many an article of) worship (by Nārada) and whose hosts of virtues, coming down to the earth (to bless his devotees), and excellent glories were sung in appropriate words, spoke as follows to Priyavrata, casting at him a smiling look full of compassion indeed (10).
Note: It appears that the Gita Press translation for verse 10 has not taken into consideration the word अतितराम् (‘exceedingly’) which is an adverb qualifying the action ‘sung.’
(1) पिता च पुत्रश्च = पितापुत्रौ – father and son.
(2) पितृ सुँ + पुत्र सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।
(3) पितृ सुँ + पुत्र सुँ । As per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-33 अजाद्यदन्तम्) अभ्यर्हितं च, we place ‘पितृ सुँ’ in the prior position in the compound because the father commands greater respect than the son. Even otherwise, as per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-33 अजाद्यदन्तम्) लघ्वक्षरं पूर्वम् the term ‘पितृ सुँ’ would be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘पितृ सुँ + पुत्र सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) पितृ + पुत्र । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) पित् आनँङ् + पुत्र । By 6-3-25 आनङ् ऋतो द्वन्द्वे – When the final term of the compound follows, there is a substitution of ‘आनँङ्’ (in place of the penultimate term) in a द्वन्द्व: compound whose terms – i) all end in the letter ‘ऋ’ and ii) denote a relationship either via knowledge/study or birth.
Note: Even though ‘पुत्र’ does not end in the letter ‘ऋ’, the सूत्रम् 6-3-25 applies here because of the अनुवृत्ति: of ‘पुत्रे’ which comes down in to this सूत्रम् 6-3-25 from the सूत्रम् 6-3-22 पुत्रेऽन्यतरस्याम् via मण्डूकप्लुति: (frog-jump) – which means that the अनुवृत्ति: skips the intervening rules 6-3-23 and 6-3-24.
See question 1.
As per 1-1-53 ङिच्च, only the ending letter ‘ऋ’ of ‘पितृ’ is substituted with ‘आनँङ्’।
(6) पितान् + पुत्र । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: Here ‘पितान्’ has the designation पदम् by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य to apply in the next step.
(7) पितापुत्र । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पितापुत्र’ is masculine since the final member ‘पुत्र’ of the compound is masculine. This द्वन्द्वः compound (which expresses इतरेतरयोगः) is dual in number because it has two members.
The विवक्षा is तृतीया।
(8) पितापुत्र + भ्याम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘भ्याम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(9) पितापुत्रा + भ्याम् । By 7-3-102 सुपि च – The ending letter ‘अ’ of a प्रातिपदिकम् is elongated if it is followed by a सुँप् affix beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:।
= पितापुत्राभ्याम् ।
Questions:
1. Commenting on the example पितापुत्रौ the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – अनयोरपि योनिकृतः सम्बन्धो जन्यजनकभावलक्षणः। Please explain.
2. What type of compound is अवहिताञ्जलि: as used in the verses?
i. द्वन्द्व:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. तृतीया-तत्पुरुष:
3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form अर्हणेन used in the verses?
4. What is the विग्रह: of the compound तदुपनीतार्हणः used in the verses?
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-82 आने मुक् been used in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Only a father and (his) son live in this house.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘केवल’ for ‘only.’
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः been used in the verses?
2. From which verbal root is the form तुष्टाव (used in the commentary) derived?
1. Commenting on the example पितापुत्रौ the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – अनयोरपि योनिकृतः सम्बन्धो जन्यजनकभावलक्षणः। Please explain.
Answer: Even between a father and son there is a relationship via womb/birth, by the fact that the son is the one born and the father is the one causing birth. (This allows for the application of the सूत्रम् 6-3-25 आनङ् ऋतो द्वन्द्वे in the example पितापुत्रौ।)
2. What type of compound is अवहिताञ्जलि: as used in the verses?
i. द्वन्द्व:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. तृतीया-तत्पुरुष:
Answer: The compound अवहिताञ्जलि: (प्रातिपदिकम् ’अवहिताञ्जलि’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is a बहुव्रीहिः।
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अवहितोऽञ्जलिर्येन सः (नारद:) = अवहिताञ्जलिः (नारद:) – one (Nārada) by whom palms were joined (in prayer)
The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अवहित सुँ + अञ्जलि सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
Since ‘अवहित’ ends in the affix ‘क्त’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-2-102 निष्ठा) it is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-36 निष्ठा।
Note: ‘अवहित सुँ + अञ्जलि सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= अवहित + अञ्जलि । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= अवहिताञ्जलि । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, नारदः is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अवहिताञ्जलि’। It declines like हरि-शब्द:। प्रथमा-एकवचनम् is अवहिताञ्जलिः।
3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form अर्हणेन used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने justifies the use of a third case affix in the form अर्हणेन (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’अर्हण’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) since it is co-occurring with सह।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) co-occurring with सह or a synonym of सह, provided the प्रातिपदिकम् does not denote the primary (agent.)
4. What is the विग्रह: of the compound तदुपनीतार्हणः used in the verses?
Answer: The विग्रह: of the compound तदुपनीतार्हणः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’तदुपनीतार्हण’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is –
तदुपनीतमर्हणं यस्य सः (ब्रह्मा) = तदुपनीतार्हणः (ब्रह्मा) – one (Brahmā) for whom (many an article of) worship was offered by him (Nārada)
The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is –
तदुपनीत सुँ + अर्हण सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे।
Since ‘तदुपनीत’ ends in the affix ‘क्त’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-2-102 निष्ठा) it is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-36 निष्ठा।
Note: ‘तदुपनीत सुँ + अर्हण सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= तदुपनीत सुँ + अर्हण सुँ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= तदुपनीतार्हण । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, ब्रह्मा is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तदुपनीतार्हण’। It declines like राम-शब्द:। प्रथमा-एकवचनम् is तदुपनीतार्हणः।
Note: ‘तदुपनीत’ itself is a तृतीया-तत्पुरुषः compound (composed using the सूत्रम् 2-1-32 कर्तृकरणे कृता बहुलम्) explained as तेनोपनीतम् = तदुपनीतम् – offered by him (Nārada).
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तदुपनीत’ is neuter here since the latter member ‘उपनीत’ of the compound is used here in the neuter. (The entire compound is qualifying अर्हणम्।)
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-82 आने मुक् been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-2-82 आने मुक् has been used in the form उपलभमानः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’उपलभमान’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘लभमान’ is derived from the verbal root √लभ् (डुलभँष् प्राप्तौ १. ११३०) as follows –
लभ् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= लभ् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= लभ् + शानच् । By 3-2-126 लक्षणहेत्वोः क्रियायाः। Note: In the present example the action उपलभमानः (recognizing) is the cause (हेतुः) of another action उत्थाय + उपतस्थे (rose and waited upon.)
Note: As per 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्, the verbal root √लभ् (डुलभँष् प्राप्तौ १. ११३०) is आत्मनेपदी। As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। Hence the affix ‘शानच्’ (and not ‘शतृँ’) is used here.
= लभ् + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, and 1-3-9तस्य लोपः।
= लभ् + शप् + आन । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्।
= लभ् + अ + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, and 1-3-9तस्य लोपः।
= लभ मुँक् + आन । By 7-2-82 आने मुक् – The letter ‘अ’ belonging to a अङ्गम् takes the augment मुँक् when followed by ‘आन’। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ – the augment मुँक् joins after the letter ‘अ’।
= लभ म् + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= लभमान । ‘लभमान’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
उप + लभमान । ‘लभमान’ is compounded with the उपसर्गः ‘उप’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
= उपलभमान । ‘उपलभमान’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
In the masculine gender the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उपलभमान’ declines like राम-शब्द:। प्रथमा-एकवचनम् is उपलभमानः। In the present example, it is qualifying देवर्षि: (नारद:)।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Only a father and (his) son live in this house.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘केवल’ for ‘only.’
Answer: अस्मिन् गृहे केवलौ पितापुत्रौ निवसतः।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः has been used in the form पितरम् (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’पितृ’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।)
Please see the answer to easy question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of the form पितरम् – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/06/13/जिजीविषति-3as-लँट्/#comment-384६
2. From which verbal root is the form तुष्टाव (used in the commentary) derived?
Answer: The form तुष्टाव is derived from the verbal root √स्तु (ष्टुञ् स्तुतौ २. ३८).
The धातुः ‘ष्टुञ्’ has the letter ‘ष्’ as the initial letter in the धातु-पाठः। By 6-1-64 धात्वादेः षः सः, there is the substitution of the letter ‘स्’ in the place of the initial letter ‘ष्’ of a धातुः। As per the परिभाषा ‘निमित्तापाये नैमित्तिकस्याप्यपाय:’ (when a cause is gone, its effect is also gone) the substitution ‘ट्’ (in place of the letter ‘त्’) which has come in by 8-4-41 ष्टुना ष्टुः, because of the presence of the letter ‘ष्’ in ‘ष्टुञ्’, now reverts to the letter ‘त्’ since the cause for the substitution ‘ट्’ no longer exists.
The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
स्तु + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्।
= स्तु + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= स्तु + तिप् । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्।
= स्तु + णल् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः।
= स्तु + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= स्तु स्तु + अ । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, we apply 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य before applying 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति।
= तु स्तु + अ । By 7-4-61 शर्पूर्वाः खयः – If a अभ्यास: begins with a शर्-खय् conjunct (a conjunct whose first letter belongs to the शर्-प्रत्याहार: and second letter belongs to the खय्-प्रत्याहार:) then the खय् letter is retained and all other consonants of the अभ्यास: take लोप:। Note: 7-4-61 is a अपवाद: (exception) to 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः।
= तु स्तौ + अ । By 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति।
= तु स्ताव । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
= तु ष् ताव । By 8-3-59 आदेशप्रत्यययोः।
= तुष्टाव । By 8-4-41 ष्टुना ष्टुः।