Today we will look at the form भ्रष्टमतिः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.13.14.
विधुन्वता वेदमयं निजं वपुर्जनस्तपःसत्यनिवासिनो वयम् । सटाशिखोद्धूतशिवाम्बुबिन्दुभिर्विमृज्यमाना भृशमीश पाविताः ।। ३-१३-४४ ।।
स वै बत भ्रष्टमतिस्तवैषते यः कर्मणां पारमपारकर्मणः । यद्योगमायागुणयोगमोहितं विश्वं समस्तं भगवन्विधेहि शम् ।। ३-१३-४५ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
विस्मयं दर्शयन्तः प्रार्थयन्ते – विधुन्वतेति द्वाभ्याम् । सटानां शिखाभिरग्रैरुद्धूता उच्छलिता ये शिवा अम्बुबिन्दवस्तैः सिच्यमाना वयं पवित्रीकृताः ।। ४४ ।। तव कर्मणां पारं य एषतेऽवलोकयति ज्ञातुमिच्छतीत्यर्थः । यस्य तव योगमायया यो गुणैः सह योगस्तेन मोहितम् । अतो विश्वस्य शं मङ्गलं विधेहि । यथा त्वामचिन्त्यानन्तशक्तिं ज्ञात्वा भजे तथाऽनुगृहाणेत्यर्थः ।। ४५ ।।
Gita Press translation – When You shook Your body composed of the Vedas, we, the inhabitants of the Janaloka, Tapoloka, and Satyaloka, got splashed and thoroughly depurated by the drops of holy water flying from the end of Your mane (44). Alas! he has verily lost his wits, who seeks to know Your endless exploits in their totality. O Lord, bring happiness to the whole universe, which stands deluded through contact with the objects of senses, brought about by Your Yogamāyā (45).
(1) भ्रष्टा मतिर्यस्य स: = भ्रष्टमति: (स:) – He (the man) who has lost his wits.
(2) भ्रष्टा सुँ + मति सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
(3) By सूत्रम् 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘भ्रष्टा सुँ’ as well as ‘मति सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनेकम् ends in the nominative case. And hence 2-2-30 cannot help us in deciding which term to place in the prior position in the compound.
The adjective ‘भ्रष्टा सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ – In a बहुव्रीहि: compound the पदम् which ends in a seventh case affix or is an adjective takes the prior position.
Note: ‘भ्रष्टा सुँ + मति सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) भ्रष्टा + मति । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) भ्रष्ट + मति । By 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु – A feminine adjective which does not end in the feminine affix ‘ऊङ्’ (ref. 4-1-66 ऊङुतः etc) and is formed from a masculine base denoting the same meaning becomes masculine-like when it is followed by a feminine final member (of a compound) which has समानाधिकरणम् (same locus/reference) but not if the final member denotes an ordinal number or belongs to the class of words ‘प्रिया’ etc.
In the present example the feminine adjective ‘भ्रष्टा’ which does not end in the feminine affix ‘ऊङ्’ and is formed from the masculine base ‘भ्रष्ट’ denoting the same meaning becomes masculine-like (‘भ्रष्ट’) because it is followed by the feminine final member ‘मति’ which has समानाधिकरणम् (same locus/reference).
See question 2.
= भ्रष्टमति ।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example भ्रष्टमतिः is qualifying सः (नरः) । Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भ्रष्टमति’। It declines like हरि-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
(6) भ्रष्टमति + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) भ्रष्टमति + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(8) भ्रष्टमति: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु (used in step 5) been used in verses 20-24 of Chapter Five of the गीता?
2. Commenting on the term भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् used in the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – निपतनात्पञ्चम्या अलुक्, षष्ठ्याश्च लुक्। Please explain.
3. Commenting further on the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – भाषितपुंस्कात् किम्? गङ्गाभार्य:। Please explain.
4. Commenting further on the same सूत्रम् the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – समानाधिकरणे किम्? कल्याण्या: माता = कल्याणीमाता। Please explain.
5. Can you spot another बहुव्रीहि: compound (besides भ्रष्टमति:) in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Only one who has a sharp intellect could become proficient in grammar.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one who has a sharp intellect’ = ‘तीक्ष्णा बुद्धिर्यस्य स:’। Construct a सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष: compound for ‘proficient in grammar’ = ‘व्याकरणे निपुण:’।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-119 घ्वसोरेद्धावभ्यासलोपश्च been used in the verses?
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘शानच्’ (in place of the affix ‘श्ना’) in the form अनुगृहाण used in the commentary?
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु (used in step 5) been used in verses 20-24 of Chapter Five of the गीता?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु has been used in the form स्थिरबुद्धिः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’स्थिरबुद्धि’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) in the following verse of the गीता –
न प्रहृष्येत्प्रियं प्राप्य नोद्विजेत्प्राप्य चाप्रियम् |
स्थिरबुद्धिरसम्मूढो ब्रह्मविद् ब्रह्मणि स्थितः || 5-20||
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’स्थिरबुद्धि’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भ्रष्टमति’ as shown in the post.
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example स्थिरबुद्धिः is qualifying जनः (not explicitly stated in the verse). Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्थिरबुद्धि’। It declines like हरि-शब्द:।
2. Commenting on the term भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् used in the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – निपतनात्पञ्चम्या अलुक्, षष्ठ्याश्च लुक्। Please explain.
Answer: In the compound भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् there is an ad hoc non-elision of the fifth case affix (at the end of भाषितपुंस्कात्) and an ad hoc elision of the sixth case affix (at the end of भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ्)। Hence it is an irregular form. The grammatically regular form would be भाषितपुंस्कानूङ:।
3. Commenting further on the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – भाषितपुंस्कात् किम्? गङ्गाभार्य:। Please explain.
Answer: भाषितपुंस्कात् किम्? To understand the importance of the condition भाषितपुंस्कात्, consider the following example गङ्गा भार्या यस्य स: = गङ्गाभार्य: – He (a man) whose wife is Gaṅgā. As per the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु – A feminine adjective which does not end in the feminine affix ‘ऊङ्’ (ref. 4-1-66 ऊङुतः etc) and is formed from a masculine base denoting the same meaning becomes masculine-like when it is followed by a feminine final member (of a compound) which has समानाधिकरणम् (same locus/reference) but not if the final member denotes an ordinal number or belongs to the class of words ‘प्रिया’ etc.
In the present example, गङ्गा does not take पुंवद्भाव: (a masculine-like form) because the feminine noun गङ्गा does not have a corresponding masculine form denoting the same meaning. If the सूत्रम् did not mention the condition भाषितपुंस्कात्, here गङ्गा would have to take पुंवद्भाव: which is undesirable. Note: In the compound गङ्गाभार्य: the ending long vowel (‘आ’) of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् has been shortened as per 1-2-48 गोस्त्रियोरुपसर्जनस्य।
4. Commenting further on the same सूत्रम् the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – समानाधिकरणे किम्? कल्याण्या: माता = कल्याणीमाता। Please explain.
Answer: समानाधिकरणे किम्? To understand the importance of the condition समानाधिकरणे, consider the following example कल्याण्या: माता = कल्याणीमाता – Mother of an auspicious woman. As per the सूत्रम् 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु – A feminine adjective which does not end in the feminine affix ‘ऊङ्’ (ref. 4-1-66 ऊङुतः etc) and is formed from a masculine base denoting the same meaning becomes masculine-like when it is followed by a feminine final member (of a compound) which has समानाधिकरणम् (same locus/reference) but not if the final member denotes an ordinal number or belongs to the class of words ‘प्रिया’ etc.
In the present example, ‘कल्याणी’ does not take पुंवद्भाव: (the corresponding masculine-like form ‘कल्याण’) because it does not have समानाधिकरणम् (same locus/reference) as ‘माता’। (‘कल्याणी’ and ‘माता’ refer to two different persons.) If the सूत्रम् did not mention the condition समानाधिकरणे, here ‘कल्याणी’ would have to take पुंवद्भाव: which is undesirable.
5. Can you spot another बहुव्रीहि: compound (besides भ्रष्टमति:) in the verses?
Answer: The compound अपारकर्मणः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’अपारकर्मन्’, षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) is also a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
First, we form the बहुव्रीहि: compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपार’ as follows –
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अविद्यमानं पारं यस्य तत् = अपारम् – endless (that which has no end)
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपार’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अक्रिय’ as shown in the answer to question 1 in the following comment –
https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/11/16/अनन्तम्-mas/#comment-35719
Except that in the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपार’, the सूत्रम् 1-2-48 गोस्त्रियोरुपसर्जनस्य does not apply in the last step.
Now we form the बहुव्रीहि: compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपारकर्मन्’ as follows –
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अपारं कर्म यस्य सः = अपारकर्मा – One who has endless exploits
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपारकर्मन्’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘चतुर्भुज’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/10/22/चतुर्भुजः-mns
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, भगवान् is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपारकर्मन्’। It declines like राजन्-शब्द:। षष्ठी-एकवचनम् is अपारकर्मणः।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Only one who has a sharp intellect could become proficient in grammar.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one who has a sharp intellect’ = ‘तीक्ष्णा बुद्धिर्यस्य स:’। Construct a सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष: compound for ‘proficient in grammar’ = ‘व्याकरणे निपुण:’।
Answer: तीक्ष्णबुद्धिः एव व्याकरणनिपुणः भवेत् = तीक्ष्णबुद्धिरेव व्याकरणनिपुणो भवेत्।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-119 घ्वसोरेद्धावभ्यासलोपश्च been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-119 घ्वसोरेद्धावभ्यासलोपश्च has been used in the form विधेहि – derived from the verbal root √धा (डुधाञ् धारणपोषणयोः | दान इत्यप्येके ३. ११).
Please see the answer to question 5 in the following comment for the derivation of the form विधेहि – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/02/विज्ञापयामासु-3ap-लिँट्/#comment-3212
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘शानच्’ (in place of the affix ‘श्ना’) in the form अनुगृहाण used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-1-83 हलः श्नः शानज्झौ prescribes the substitution ‘शानच्’ (in place of the affix ‘श्ना’) in the form अनुगृहाण – derived from the verbal root √ग्रह् (ग्रहँ उपादाने ९.७१).
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form गृहाण – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/11/13/गृहाण-2as-लोँट्
‘अनु’ is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
अनु + गृहाण = अनुगृहाण ।