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विनाशधर्मसु mLp

Today we will look at the form विनाशधर्मसु  mLp from रघुवंशम् verse 8-10.

अथ वीक्ष्य रघुः प्रतिष्ठितं प्रकृतिष्वात्मजमात्मवत्तया ।
विषयेषु विनाशधर्मसु त्रिदिवस्थेष्वपि निःस्पृहोऽभवत् ॥ ८-१० ॥

मल्लिनाथ-टीका
अथेति । अथ रघुरात्मजं पुत्रमात्मवत्तया निर्विकारमनस्कतयेत्यर्थः । ‘उदयादिष्वविकृतिर्मनसः सत्त्वमुच्यते । आत्मवान्सत्त्ववानुक्तः’ इत्युत्पलमालायाम् । प्रकृतिष्वमात्यादिषु प्रतिष्ठितं रूढमूलं वीक्ष्य ज्ञात्वा विनाशो धर्मो येषां तेषु विनाशधर्मसु । अनित्येष्वित्यर्थः । ‘5-4-124 धर्मादनिच् केवलात्‌’ इत्यनिच्प्रत्ययः समासान्तः । त्रिदिवस्थेष्वपि विषयेषु शब्दादिषु निःस्पृहो निर्गतेच्छोऽभवत् ।। १० ।।

Translation – Raghu, seeing that his son with an undisturbed mind was now well established among his subjects (ministers etc), became indifferent towards objects of sense which are perishable by nature – even though they might belong to heavenly regions (10).

(1) विनाशो धर्मो यस्य स: = विनाशधर्मा – One whose nature is perishing (impermanent.)

(2) विनाश सुँ + धर्म सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)

(3) The adjective ‘विनाश सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ – In a बहुव्रीहि: compound the पदम् which ends in a seventh case affix or is an adjective takes the prior position.

Note: ‘विनाश सुँ + धर्म सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) विनाश + धर्म । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) विनाशधर्म + अनिँच्‌ । By 5-4-124 धर्मादनिच् केवलात्‌ Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound in which the prior member is a single पदम् and the final member is ‘धर्म’ the तद्धित: affix अनिँच्‌ is prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.

(6) विनाशधर्म + अन् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘विनाशधर्म’ has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here as per the सूत्रम् 1-4-18 यचि भम्। This allows the सूत्रम् 6-4-148 to apply in the next step.

(7) विनाशधर्म् + अन् । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of a अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= विनाशधर्मन् ।

The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example विषय: is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विनाशधर्मन्’। It declines like ‘आत्मन्’-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is सप्तमी-बहुवचनम्।

(8) विनाशधर्मन् + सुप् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्

(9) विनाशधर्मन् + सु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘विनाशधर्मन्’ gets the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-17 स्वादिष्वसर्वनामस्थाने – Excluding the affixes that have the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा, when any of the other affixes from ‘सुँ’ up to ‘कप्’ follow, the base gets the पद-सञ्ज्ञा।
This allows 8-2-7 to apply in the next step.

(10) विनाशधर्म + सु । By 8-2-7 नलोप: प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य – The ending letter ‘न्’ of a पदम् is dropped when the पदम् also has the designation प्रातिपदिकम्।

= विनाशधर्मसु ।

Questions:

1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 5-4-124 धर्मादनिच् केवलात्‌ (used in step 5) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – केवलात्‌ किम्‌? परम: स्वो धर्मो यस्येति त्रिपदे बहुव्रीहौ मा भूत्‌। Please explain.

2. Commenting on the same सूत्रम् the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – अनिचोऽकारश्चिन्त्यप्रयोजन इत्येके। Please explain.

3. Which compound used in the verse may be justified using the सौनाग-वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः in the महाभाष्यम्) निरादयः क्रान्‍ताद्यर्थे पञ्चम्‍या?

4. Can you spot the affix ‘ड’ in the verse?

5. Which two compounds used in the commentary are नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compounds?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Even though we know that sense objects are by nature perishable still we are attached to (towards) them.” Use the verbal root √सञ्ज् (षञ्जँ सङ्गे १. ११४२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘आङ्’ (‘आ’) for ‘to be attached.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः been used in the verse?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes सम्प्रसारणम् in the form उच्यते used in the commentary?

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