Today we will look at the form अलङ्कृत्य ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.84.52.
ईजेऽनुयज्ञं विधिना अग्निहोत्रादिलक्षणैः । प्राकृतैर्वैकृतैर्यज्ञैर्द्रव्यज्ञानक्रियेश्वरम् ।। १०-८४-५१ ।।
अथर्त्विग्भ्योऽददात्काले यथाम्नातं स दक्षिणाः । स्वलङ्कृतेभ्योऽलङ्कृत्य गोभूकन्या महाधनाः ।। १०-८४-५२ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
अनुयज्ञं प्रतियज्ञम् । आम्नातसर्वाङ्गाः प्राकृता ज्योतिष्टोमदर्शपूर्णमासादयस्तेभ्यश्चोदनालिङ्गादिभिरतिदेशप्राप्ताङ्गा वैकृताः सौरसत्रादयस्तैः सर्वैः । द्रव्यं पुरोडाशादि, ज्ञानं मन्त्रः, क्रिया कर्म, तेषामीश्वरम् ।। ५१ ।। ५२ ।।
Gita Press traslation – At the end of each sacrifice, Vasudeva performed, in accordance with the scriptural ordinance, the Agnihotra and other sacrifices as well as those falling under the category of Prākṛta and Vaikṛta sacrifices, and thereby worshiped and propitiated Viṣṇu (the Lord of all substances, rituals and the Mantras with which they are performed) (51). Then in due time he adorned the priests well (with clothes and ornaments) and gave them sacrificial fees and also gifted them duly adorned cow and girls as well as lands and abundant wealth as laid down in the scriptures (52).
(1) भूषयित्वा = अलङ्कृत्य – having adorned.
अलङ्कृत्य is derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०) preceded by the term ‘अलम्’। ‘अलम्’ gets the designation गति: here as per 1-4-64 भूषणेऽलम् – The term ‘अलम्’ when denoting ‘decoration’ gets the designation ‘गति’ provided it is used in conjunction with a verb.
Note: ‘1-4-62 अनुकरणम्-‘ इत्यादि त्रिसूत्री स्वभावात्कृञ्विषया – The three rules 1-4-62 अनुकरणं चानितिपरम्, 1-4-63 आदरानादरयोः सदसती and 1-4-64 भूषणेऽलम् are naturally applicable only in the context where the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०) is in conjunction.
Note: ‘अलम्’ has four meanings – (i) प्रतिषेध: – negation/prohibition (ii) सामर्थ्यम् – capability (iii) पर्याप्ति: – enough/sufficient (iv) भूषणम् – decoration. Only in the last meaning ‘अलम्’ gets the designation ‘गति’।
Note: Besides accent considerations, the purpose of assigning the designation ‘गति’ is to facilitate compound formation prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः which in turn allows for the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of ‘क्त्वा’) prescribed by the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् (in step 5.)
Note: Since the term ‘अलम्’ has the designation ‘गति’ here it also gets the निपात-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः and hence the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्।
(2) कृ + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्त्वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same. In the present example the later action (having the same agent – ‘he – Vasudeva’) is अददात् (‘gifted.’)
(3) अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
अलम् + कृ क्त्वा । By 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः – The indeclinable ‘कु’, terms having the designation ‘गति’ (ref. 1-4-60 गतिश्च etc) as well as the terms ‘प्र’ etc. (ref. 1-4-58 प्रादयः) invariably compound with a syntactically related term and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
Note: The अनुवृत्ति: of नित्यम् (invariably) comes down from the prior सूत्रम् 2-2-17 नित्यं क्रीडाजीविकयोः।
(4) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘अलम्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 (which prescribes the compounding) the term कुगतिप्रादयः ends in the nominative case. Hence the term ‘अलम्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘अलम् + कृ क्त्वा’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
(5) अलम् + कृ ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6).
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114.)
(6) अलम् + कृ य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.
(7) अलम् + कृ तुँक् य By 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् – When followed by a कृत् affix which is a पित् (has the letter ‘प्’ as a इत्), a short vowel takes the augment ‘तुँक्’। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the augment ‘तुँक्’ joins after the short vowel ‘ऋ’।
(8) अलम् + कृ त् य । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(9) अलं + कृत्य । By 8-3-23 मोऽनुस्वारः।
(10) अलंकृत्य/अलङ्कृत्य । By 8-4-59 वा पदान्तस्य।
‘अलंकृत्य/अलङ्कृत्य’ gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ। This allows 2-4-82 to apply below.
(11) अलंकृत्य/अलङ्कृत्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(12) अलंकृत्य/अलङ्कृत्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.
Questions:
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-4-64 भूषणेऽलम् (used in step 1) the काशिका says – भूषण इति किम्? अलं भुक्त्वौदनं गतः। Please explain.
2. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a fourth case affix in the form ऋत्विग्भ्य: (and स्वलङ्कृतेभ्य:) used in the verses?
3. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ (used as part of the compound द्रव्यज्ञानक्रियेश्वरम् in the verses)?
4. What kind of compound is यथाम्नातम्?
i. अव्ययीभाव:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
iv. नञ्-तत्पुरुष:
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-115 ल्युट् च been used in the commentary?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having adorned Sītā with excellent clothes and ornaments, King Janaka gave (her) to Śrī Rāma.”
Easy questions:
1. From which verbal root is the form ईजे derived?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-10 श्लौ been used in the verses?
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-4-64 भूषणेऽलम् (used in step 1) the काशिका says – भूषण इति किम्? अलं भुक्त्वौदनं गतः। Please explain.
Answer: भूषणे किम्? To understand the importance of the condition भूषणे, consider the following example अलं भुक्त्वौदनं गत:। (पर्याप्तमित्यर्थ:।) – having eaten enough rice, someone left. Since अलम् is not denoting भूषणम् (decoration) here it does not get the designation ‘गति’ and hence no compounding between अलम् and भुक्त्वा can be done by 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः। Subsequently 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् (which requires compound formation) cannot replace ‘क्त्वा’ by ‘ल्यप्’।
2. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a fourth case affix in the form ऋत्विग्भ्य: (and स्वलङ्कृतेभ्य:) used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने justifies the fourth case affix used in the form ऋत्विग्भ्य: (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ऋत्विज्’, चतुर्थी-बहुवचनम्) as well as the corresponding adjective स्वलङ्कृतेभ्य: (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्वलङ्कृत’, पुंलिङ्गे चतुर्थी-बहुवचनम्)।
The सूत्रम् 2-3-13 applies because ‘ऋत्विज्’ (‘priest’) gets the designation सम्प्रदानम् (recipient) by the सूत्रम् 1-4-32 कर्मणा यमभिप्रैति स सम्प्रदानम् – That कारकम् (participant in the action) whom the doer wishes to connect/endow with the object of an action is called सम्प्रदानम् (recipient.)
The doer is सः (वसुदेवः), the objects of the action (अददात्) are दक्षिणाः and (महाधनाः) गोभूकन्याः, and the सम्प्रदानम् (recipient) is ‘ऋत्विज्’। Therefore the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ऋत्विज्’ (as well as the qualifying प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्वलङ्कृत’) takes a fourth case affix by the सूत्रम् 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने।
3. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ (used as part of the compound द्रव्यज्ञानक्रियेश्वरम् in the verses)?
Answer: The कृत् affix ‘श’ is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ – derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०).
Please refer to the following post for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/05/09/क्रियाः-fap/
4. What kind of compound is यथाम्नातम्?
i. अव्ययीभाव:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
iv. नञ्-तत्पुरुष:
Answer: The लौकिक-विग्रह: is
आम्नातमनतिक्रम्य = यथाम्नातम् = not transgressing what has been laid down in the scriptures.
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
आम्नात अम् + यथा । By 2-1-6 अव्ययं विभक्तिसमीपसमृद्धिव्यृद्ध्यर्थाभावात्ययासम्प्रतिशब्दप्रादुर्भावपश्चाद्यथानुपूर्व्ययौगपद्यसादृश्यसम्पत्तिसाकल्यान्तवचनेषु।
Note: The अव्ययम् ’यथा’ could be used in four meanings (योग्यतावीप्सापदार्थानतिवृत्तिसादृश्यानि यथार्था:) – appropriateness, repetition, non-transgression of something, similarity. Here it has been used to indicate ‘पदार्थानतिवृत्ति’ – non-transgression of something.
Note: As per some grammarians (particularly नागेश:) – एतत्सूत्रोपात्तानामव्ययानां नाव्ययीभाव: – The अव्ययानि that are specifically mentioned in this सूत्रम् cannot be used (in their own meaning) to form a अव्ययीभाव: compound using this सूत्रम्। Hence the अव्ययं पश्चात् itself cannot be compounded in the meaning of पश्चात्। Similarly the अव्ययं युगपत् itself cannot be compounded in the meaning of यौगपद्यम्। And the next सूत्रम् 2-1-7 यथासादृश्ये should be used to compound the अव्ययं यथा itself in the meaning of यथा।
= यथा + आम्नात अम् । By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् which prescribes a compound gets the designation ‘उपसर्जन’। Here the term ‘अव्ययम्’ in the सूत्रम् 2-1-6 ends in the nominative case. Therefore the अव्ययम् ‘यथा’ gets the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ by 1-2-43. Hence ‘यथा’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘यथा + आम्नात अम्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= यथा + आम्नात । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= यथाम्नात । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
यथाम्नात + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। Note: By 1-1-41 अव्ययीभावश्च – The compounds that are अव्ययीभाव-समासाः are also designated as indeclinables. Hence 2-4-82 comes for application. But then the specific rule 2-4-83 applies as explained in the following step.
= यथाम्नात + अम् । By 2-4-83 नाव्ययीभावादतोऽम्त्वपञ्चम्याः – This सूत्रम् has two parts – (a) नाव्ययीभावादत: – following a अव्ययीभावः compound ending (ref. 1-1-72) in the letter ‘अ’ a सुँप् affix does not take the लुक् elision (which would have been done by 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः) and (b) अम्त्वपञ्चम्याः – following a अव्ययीभावः compound ending (ref. 1-1-72) in the letter ‘अ’ a सुँप् affix – other than a fifth case affix – is substituted by अम्।
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
= यथाम्नातम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः।
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-115 ल्युट् च been used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-3-115 ल्युट् च has been used in the commentary in the form ज्ञानम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ज्ञान’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √ज्ञा (ज्ञा अवबोधने ९. ४३).
Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the form ज्ञानम् – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/04/20/विवेकनिपुणाः-mnp/#comment-35217
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having adorned Sītā with excellent clothes and ornaments, King Janaka gave (her) to Śrī Rāma.”
Answer: राजा जनकः सीताम् उत्तमैः वासोभिः भूषणैः च अलङ्कृत्य श्रीरामाय ददौ = राजा जनकः सीतामुत्तमैर्वासोभिर्भूषणैश्चालङ्कृत्य श्रीरामाय ददौ ।
Easy questions:
1. From which verbal root is the form ईजे derived?
Answer: The form ईजे is derived from the verbal root √यज् (यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु १. ११५७).
The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
यज् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्।
= यज् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= यज् + त । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले।
= यज् + एश् । By 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच्, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
= यज् + ए । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note : By 1-2-5 असंयोगाल्लिट् कित्, a लिँट् affix which is not a पित् – does not have the letter ‘प्’ as a इत् – is considered to be a कित् (as having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्), as long as there is no संयोग: (conjunction consonant) prior to the affix. Hence ‘एश्’ is a कित् affix here. This allows 6-1-15 to apply in the next step.
= इ अ ज् + ए । By 6-1-15 वचिस्वपियजादीनां किति – The verbal roots √वच् (वचँ परिभाषणे २. ५८), √स्वप् (ञिष्वपँ शये २. ६३) and also the nine verbal roots beginning with √यज् (यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु १. ११५७) take सम्प्रसारणम् (ref. 1-1-45) when followed by an affix which is a कित्।
= इज् + ए । By 6-1-108 सम्प्रसारणाच्च।
= इज् इज् + ए । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य।
= इ इज् + ए । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः।
= ईजे । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-10 श्लौ been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-10 श्लौ has been used in the verses in the form अददात् – derived from the verbal root √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०).
Please see the answer to question 5 in the following comment for derivation of the form अददात् – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/06/28/पिपासया-fis/#comment-3927