Today we will look at the form वनस्पतेः mGs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् verse 10-63-32.
तस्यास्यतोऽस्त्राण्यसकृच्चक्रेण क्षुरनेमिना । चिच्छेद भगवान्बाहूञ्छाखा इव वनस्पतेः ।। १०-६३-३२ ।।
बाहुषुच्छिद्यमानेषु बाणस्य भगवान्भवः । भक्तानुकम्प्युपव्रज्य चक्रायुधमभाषत ।। १०-६३-३३ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
No commentary on these verses.
Gita Press translation – While he was (thus) discharging missiles again and again the Lord with His discus, keen-edged like a razor, cut off his arms like the boughs of a tree (32). (Even) as the arms of Bāṇa were being lopped off, Lord Śiva (the Source of the universe), took compassion on His devotee, approached Śrī Kṛṣṇa (the Wielder of a discus) and submitted to Him (as follows) (34).
वनस्पतेः is षष्ठी-एकवचनम् of the (compound) पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वनस्पति’।
(1) वनस्पति + ङस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per the सूत्रम् 2-3-50 षष्ठी शेषे – A sixth case affix (‘ङस्’, ‘ओस्’, ‘आम्’) is used in the remaining sense, which is that of a syntactic relation – for example the relation between the owner and the owned – which is other than that expressed by a कारकम् (a participant in the action) and that of (only) the meaning of the प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem.)
Note: It is the qualifier (विशेषणम्) which takes the sixth case affix, and not the one qualified (विशेष्यम्)।
In the present example, the sixth case affix in वनस्पते: expresses अवयवावयविभावसम्बन्ध: – the relationship between a part (‘शाखा’) and the whole (‘वनस्पति’)। ‘शाखा’ (the bough) is being qualified by the relation to ‘वनस्पति’ (the tree) and hence ‘वनस्पति’ takes the sixth case affix.
Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वनस्पति’ gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि – When a short ‘इ’ ending or short ‘उ’ ending term – except for ‘सखि’ – does not have the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा then it gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा।
(2) वनस्पति + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of the affix ‘ङस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(3) वनस्पते + अस् । By 7-3-111 घेर्ङिति – When a ङित् (having the letter ‘ङ्’ as a इत्) सुँप् affix follows, then a अङ्गम् having the घि-सञ्ज्ञा takes the गुण: substitution. Note: As per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य, the गुण: substitution takes the place of only the ending letter (in this case the letter ‘इ’) of the अङ्गम्।
(4) वनस्पतेस् । By 6-1-110 ङसिँङसोश्च – In place of a preceding एङ् (‘ए’, ‘ओ’) letter and the following short ‘अ’ of the affix ‘ङसिँ’ or ‘ङस्’, there is a single substitute of the former (एङ् letter.)
(5) वनस्पतेः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. In the first verse of which chapter of the गीता has a sixth case affix been used to express अवयवावयविभावसम्बन्ध:?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् been used in the verses?
3. Can you spot the substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in the place of ‘लँट्’) in the verses?
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आयुध’ (used in the compound चक्रायुधम् in the verses)?
5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment मुँक् in the form छिद्यमानेषु?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having climbed the branch of a tree, Śrī Hanumān observed Sītā.” Use the verbal root √ईक्ष् (ईक्षँ दर्शने १. ६९४) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘निर्’ for ‘to observe.’
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment तुँक् in the form चिच्छेद?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः been used in the verses?
1. In the first verse of which chapter of the गीता has a sixth case affix been used to express अवयवावयविभावसम्बन्ध:?
Answer: A sixth case affix has been used to express अवयवावयविभावसम्बन्ध: in the form यस्य (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘यद्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) in the first verse of Chapter Fifteen of the गीता।
ऊर्ध्वमूलमधःशाखमश्वत्थं प्राहुरव्ययम् |
छन्दांसि यस्य पर्णानि यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् || 15-1||
अवयवावयविभावसम्बन्ध: is a relationship between the whole and a part.
यस्य (अश्वत्थस्य) पर्णानि – Leaves of which (Aśwattha tree). (The leaves are being qualified by (its relation to) which (Aśwattha tree). Hence the qualifier ‘यद्’ (‘अश्वत्थ’) takes a sixth case affix.)
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् has been used in the form उपव्रज्य – derived from the verbal root √व्रज् (व्रज गतौ १. २८६) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘उप’।
व्रज् + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
Note: Here the common agent of the actions उपव्रज्य (having approached) and अभाषत (submitted) is भगवान् भवः (Lord Śiva). The earlier of the two actions is the action of approaching which is denoted by √व्रज् and hence √व्रज् takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्त्वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्) of the action.
= उप व्रज् + क्त्वा । ‘व्रज् + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘उप’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
= उप + व्रज् + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6). The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
= उप + व्रज् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= उपव्रज्य । ‘उपव्रज्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ।
उपव्रज्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
= उपव्रज्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः।
3. Can you spot the substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in the place of ‘लँट्’) in the verses?
Answer: The substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in the place of ‘लँट्’) occurs in the form अस्यतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अस्यत्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √अस् (असुँ क्षेपणे ४. १०६).
Please see answer to question 5 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अस्यत्’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/05/29/वाहनैः-nip/#comment-29830
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आयुध’ (used in the compound चक्रायुधम् in the verses)?
Answer: The कृत् affix ‘क’ is used to form the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आयुध’ – derived from the verbal root √युध् (युधँ सम्प्रहारे ४. ६९) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘आङ्’।
Please see answer to question 1 in the following comment for derivation of the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आयुध’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/04/02/विघ्नः-mns/#comment-19321
5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment मुँक् in the form छिद्यमानेषु?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-2-82 आने मुक् prescribes the augment मुँक् in the form छिद्यमानेषु (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘छिद्यमान’, पुंलिङ्गे सप्तमी-बहुवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √छिद् (छिदिँर् द्वैधीकरणे ७. ३).
छिद् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= छिद् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= छिद् + शानच् । By 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे। As per 1-3-13 भावकर्मणोः the verbal root √छिद् takes a आत्मनेपदम् affix here since the usage is कर्मणि (passive). As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। Hence the affix ‘शानच्’ (and not ‘शतृँ’which has the designation परस्मैपदम् as per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्) is used here.
= छिद् + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= छिद् + यक् + आन । By 3-1-67 सार्वधातुके यक्।
= छिद् + य + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: The सार्वधातुकम् affix ‘यक्’ is a कित् (has the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्)। This allows 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च to prevent 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च from applying.
= छिद्य मुँक् + आन । By 7-2-82 आने मुक् – The letter ‘अ’ belonging to a अङ्गम् takes the augment मुँक् when followed by ‘आन’। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ – the augment मुँक् joins after the letter ‘अ’ (at the end of the अङ्गम् ‘छिद्य’)।
= छिद्य म् + आन = छिद्यमान । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
‘छिद्यमान’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having climbed the branch of a tree, Śrī Hanumān observed Sītā.” Use the verbal root √ईक्ष् (ईक्षँ दर्शने १. ६९४) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘निर्’ for ‘to observe.’
Answer: तरोः शाखाम् आरुह्य श्रीहनुमान् सीताम् निरीक्षाञ्चक्रे = तरोः शाखामारुह्य श्रीहनुमान् सीतां निरीक्षाञ्चक्रे।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment तुँक् in the form चिच्छेद?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-73 छे च prescribes the augment तुँक् in the form चिच्छेद – derived from the verbal root √छिद् (छिदिँर् द्वैधीकरणे # ७. ३)
Please see the following post for derivation of the form चिच्छेद – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/04/चिच्छेद-3as-लिँट्/
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः has been used in the form अभाषत – derived from the verbal root √भाष् (भाषँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ६९६).
Please see answer to easy question 2 for the derivation of the form अभाषत – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/29/परंतपः-mns/#comment-5744