Today we will look at the form यस्मै mDs from हितोपदेश: 2-53
किमप्यस्ति स्वभावेन सुन्दरं वाप्यसुन्दरम् । यदेव रोचते यस्मै भवेत् तत् तस्य सुन्दरम् ॥ २-५३ ॥
Translation – Is there anything by nature charming or not charming? That alone which is pleasing unto whom may be charming to him.
यस्मै is पुंलिङ्गे चतुर्थी-एकवचनम् of the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘यद्’।
‘यद्’ (‘who’) gets the designation सम्प्रदानम् (recipient) by the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः – When the verbal root √रुच् (रुचँ दीप्तावभिप्रीतौ च १. ८४७) or any of its synonyms is employed, that कारकम् (participant in the action) who is being pleased gets the designation सम्प्रदानम् (recipient.)
See question 1.
(1) यद् + ङे । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने – A fourth case affix (‘ङे’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) is used to denote the सम्प्रदानम् (recipient) provided it has not been expressed otherwise.
Note: As per 1-4-104 विभक्तिश्च the affix ‘ङे’ has the designation विभक्ति:। This allows 7-2-102 to apply in the next step.
(2) य अ + ङे । By 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः – The ending letter of the pronouns, starting with ‘त्यद्’ and ending with ‘द्वि’, is replaced by ‘अ’ when followed by a विभक्ति: affix. As per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य, only the ending letter ‘द्’ of the अङ्गम् ‘यद्’ is replaced by ‘अ’।
(3) य + ङे । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे।
(4) यस्मै । By 7-1-14 सर्वनाम्न: स्मै – Following a pronoun ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affix ‘ङे’ is replaced by ‘स्मै’ ।
Questions:
1. In the present example ‘यद्’ (‘who’) would get which designation (instead of सम्प्रदानम्) in the absence of the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः?
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – प्रीयमाण: किम्? देवदत्ताय रोचते मोदक: पथि। Please explain.
3. Commenting on the same सूत्रम् the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – यद्यपि रुचिर्दीप्तावपि पठ्यते तथापीह दीप्तिर्न विवक्षिता। Please explain.
4. Which वार्तिकम् justifies the use of the third case affix in the form स्वभावेन used in the verses?
5. Which कृत् affix is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भाव’ (used as part of the compound स्वभावेन)?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I like those people who like me.”
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः been used in the verses?
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form रोचते?
1. In the present example ‘यद्’ (‘who’) would get which designation (instead of सम्प्रदानम्) in the absence of the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः?
Answer: In the absence of the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः the designation कर्म would have applied to ‘यद्’ by 1-4-49 कर्तुरीप्सिततमं कर्म – That कारकम् (participant in the action) which the doer most desires to obtain/reach thru the action is called कर्म (object.)
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – प्रीयमाण: किम्? देवदत्ताय रोचते मोदक: पथि। Please explain.
Answer: Why does the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः specify प्रीयमाण: (one who is being pleased)? Consider the example – देवदत्ताय रोचते मोदक: पथि (a sweetmeat is pleasing unto Devadatta on the path.) The one being pleased is Devadatta and not the path. Hence ‘देवदत्त’ alone gets the designation सम्प्रदानम्। ‘पथिन्’ does not. If प्रीयमाण: were not specified then ‘पथिन्’ would also get the designation सम्प्रदानम् which would have been undesirable.
3. Commenting on the same सूत्रम् the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – यद्यपि रुचिर्दीप्तावपि पठ्यते तथापीह दीप्तिर्न विवक्षिता। Please explain.
Answer: Even though the verbal root √रुच् is also used in the sense of दीप्तौ (to shine) that meaning is not intended here (in the सूत्रम् 1-4-33 रुच्यर्थानां प्रीयमाणः।)
4. Which वार्तिकम् justifies the use of the third case affix in the form स्वभावेन used in the verses?
Answer: The use of the third case affix in the adverbial form स्वभावेन is justified by the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया) प्रकृत्यादिभ्य उपसङ्ख्यानम् – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used following the प्रातिपदिकानि (nominal stems) ‘प्रकृति’ etc.
5. Which कृत् affix is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भाव’ (used as part of the compound स्वभावेन)?
Answer: The कृत् affix घञ् is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भाव’ – derived from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १).
भवनं भाव:।
भू + घञ् । By 3-3-24 श्रिणीभुवोऽनुपसर्गे – The affix घञ् may be used following the verbal root √श्रि (श्रिञ् सेवायाम् १. १०४४) or √नी (णीञ् प्रापणे १. १०४९) or √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) – provided any one of these verbal roots is not in conjunction with a उपसर्ग: – to denote either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name.
= भू + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= भौ + अ । By 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति – A vowel ending अङ्गम् gets a वृद्धिः substitute, when followed by an affix that has the letter ‘ञ्’ or ‘ण्’ as an indicatory letter. Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य only the ending vowel (the letter ‘ऊ’) gets the वृद्धिः substitution (the letter ‘औ’)।
= भाव् + अ । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
= भाव । ‘भाव’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I like those people who like me.”
Answer: येभ्यः जनेभ्यः अहम् रोचे मह्यम्/मे ते राचन्ते = येभ्यो जनेभ्योऽहं रोचे मह्यं/मे ते राचन्ते ।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः has been used in the form अस्ति derived from the verbal root √अस् (असँ भुवि २. ६०).
Please see answer to easy question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of the form अस्ति – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/09/14/त्याज्यः-mns/#comment-4469
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form रोचते?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form रोचते derived from √रुच् (रुचँ दीप्तावभिप्रीतौ च १. ८४७).
Please see answer to easy question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of the form रोचते – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/12/05/क्षीणः-mns/#comment-9918