Today we will look at the form वः mAp from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 6.88.8.

तीक्ष्णसायकनिर्भिन्नाञ्शूलशक्त्यृष्टितोमरैः | अद्य वो गमयिष्यामि सर्वानेव यमक्षयम् || ६-८८-८ ||
सृजतः शरवर्षाणि क्षिप्रहस्तस्य संयुगे | जीमूतस्येव नदतः कः स्थास्यति ममाग्रतः || ६-८८-९ ||

Gita Press translation – Armed with pikes, javelins and lances, I shall dispatch you all, once you are pierced with my sharp arrows, to the abode of Yama (the god of retribution) today (8). Who dare stand before me as I loose hails of shafts on the battlefield with a swift hand, thundering like a cloud? (9)

वः is पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘युष्मद्’।

‘युष्मद्’ gets the कर्म-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-52 गतिबुद्धिप्रत्यवसानार्थशब्दकर्माकर्मकाणामणि कर्ता स णौ – A कर्ता (agent) of a non-causal verbal root becomes the कर्म (object) of the causal verbal root provided the verbal root either –
(i) denotes either गति: (movement) or बुद्धि: (perception) or प्रत्यवसानम् (consuming) or
(ii) has शब्द: (sound) as its object or
(iii) has no object at all.

Note: As per the सूत्रम् 1-4-55 तत्प्रयोजको हेतुश्च we know that अहम् is the हेतु: (cause) in the sentence (अहं) सर्वान् वो यमक्षयं गमयिष्यामि। On removing the हेतु: we get the non-causative form of the sentence as सर्वे यूयं यमक्षयं गमिष्यथ। यूयम् is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘युष्मद्’। Hence ‘युष्मद्’ is the अणौ कर्ता (agent of the non-causal verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७)). This अणौ कर्ता becomes the कर्म (object) णौ (of the causal form of the verbal root √गम्) since the conditions for applying the सूत्रम् 1-4-52 are satisfied here.

And since सर्वान् is a pronoun qualifying व: it has the same gender/number/case (पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्) as व:। Recall that –
यल्लिङ्गं यद्वचनं या च विभक्तिर्विशेष्यस्य ।
तल्लिङ्गं तद्वचनं सैव विभक्तिर्विशेषणस्यापि ॥

(1) युष्मद् + शस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। Since ‘युष्मद्’ has the कर्म-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-52 गतिबुद्धिप्रत्यवसानार्थशब्दकर्माकर्मकाणामणि कर्ता स णौ, it takes a second case affix by 2-3-2 कर्मणि द्वितीया – A second case affix (‘अम्’, ‘औट्’, ‘शस्’) is used to denote कर्म (object of the action) provided it has not been expressed otherwise.

(2) वस् । By 8-1-21 बहुवचनस्य वस्नसौ – The प्रातिपदिके ‘युष्मद्’ and ‘अस्मद्’ along with a plural affix of the second, fourth or sixth case, get ‘वस्’ and ‘नस्’ as replacements respectively when the following two conditions are satisfied:
i) There is a पदम् in the same sentence preceding ‘युष्मद्’/’अस्मद्’।
ii) ‘युष्मद्’/’अस्मद्’ is not at the beginning of a metrical पाद:।

(3) वः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Note: As per the वार्त्तिकम् – एते वान्नावादयोऽनन्वादेशे वा वक्तव्याः, here व: is an alternate form for युष्मान्।

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 1-4-52 गतिबुद्धिप्रत्यवसानार्थशब्दकर्माकर्मकाणामणि कर्ता स णौ been used for the first time in the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-4-52 गतिबुद्धिप्रत्यवसानार्थशब्दकर्माकर्मकाणामणि कर्ता स णौ the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – गत्यादि किम्? पाचयत्योदनं देवदत्तेन। Please explain.

3. Commenting further on the सूत्रम् the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – अण्यन्तानां किम्? गमयति देवदत्तो यज्ञदत्तम्, तमपर: प्रयुङ्क्ते, गमयति देवदत्तेन यज्ञदत्तं विष्णुमित्र:। Please explain.

4. In the verses can you spot two words in which the सूत्रम् 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे has been used?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
i) “I went to the market.”
ii) “(My) mother made me go to the market.”
Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आपण’ for ‘market.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
i) “Sītā cried.”
ii) “Rāvaṇa made Sītā cry.”

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् is used to perform the following operation –
तीक्ष्णसायकनिर्भिन्नान् शूलशक्त्यृष्टितोमरैः = तीक्ष्णसायकनिर्भिन्नाञ्शूलशक्त्यृष्टितोमरैः।

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-92 मितां ह्रस्वः been used in the verses?